TABLE 3.

Percentages of fertilized oocytes, cleaved embryos, and proportions of embryo stages from groups of denuded oocytes (DOs) and cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) cultured separately or co-cultured during in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or IVM+IVF in the presence or absence of 1-heptanol during IVM.

		18 h post- insemination		48 h post-insemination			7 days of culture in vitro
	1-heptanol during IVM	n	% fertilized	n	% cleaved	% 4 cells /cleaved	n embryos	% < 8 cells	% 8–16 cells	% morulae	% blastocysts
DOs cultured separately	−	98	7.1a	110	6.4a	14.3a	7	57.1a	42.9a	0.0a	0.0a
DOs cultured separately	+	97	7.2a	109	6.4a	0.0a	7	71.4a	28.6a	0.0a	0.0a
COCs cultured separately	−	99	62.6b	105	61.0b	78.1b	64	12.5b	17.2b	34.4b	35.9b
COCs cultured separately	+	101	17.8c	107	16.8c	16.7a	18	44.4a	27.8b	27.8b	0.0a
DOs co-cultured with COCs during IVM	−	101	34.7d	102	33.3d	76.5b	34	11.8b	17.6b	41.2b	29.4b
COCs co-cultured with DOs during IVM	−	99	63.6b	105	62.9b	75.8b	66	13.6b	18.2b	33.3b	34.8b
DOs co-cultured with COCs during IVM	+	98	7.1a	110	8.2a	22.2a	9	44.4a	55.6a	0.0a	0.0a
COCs co-cultured with DOs during IVM	+	101	16.8c	107	17.8c	10.5a	19	42.1a	26.3b	31.6b	0.0a
DOs co-cultured with COCs during IVF	−	99	17.2c	108	16.7c	11.1a	18	44.4a	50.0a	5.6c	0.0a
COCs co-cultured with DOs during IVF	−	100	63.0b	106	61.3b	80.0b	65	12.3b	20.0b	32.3b	35.4b
DOs co-cultured with COCs during IVF	+	102	19.6c	105	17.1c	16.7a	18	44.4a	55.6a	0.0a	0.0a
COCs co-cultured with DOs during IVF	+	101	18.8c	107	17.8c	21.1a	19	42.1a	36.8ab	21.1b	0.0a
DOs co-culture with COCs during IVM+IVF	−	101	58.4b	108	58.3b	79.4b	63	14.3b	17.5b	33.3b	34.9b
COCs co-culture with DOs during IVM+IVF	−	102	61.8b	107	62.6b	77.6b	67	13.4b	17.9b	32.8b	35.8b
DOs co-culture with COCs during IVM+IVF	+	99	17.2c	102	16.7c	11.8a	17	52.9a	41.2a	5.9c	0.0a
COCs co-culture with DOs during IVM+IVF	+	103	17.5c	105	17.1c	11.1a	18	44.4a	33.3ab	22.2b	0.0a

Within the same column, values with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05; Chi-square test).