Severe respiratory deficiency affects neuronal differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. Cell lines were induced to differentiate as described in the Materials and methods. On day 13, cells were subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti‐β‐tubulin III (late pan‐neuronal marker). Fields (n = 10) were selected and the percentage of cells differentiating into neurons was calculated with reference to the total number of DAPI‐staining nuclei in the field. This was done for two independent differentiation experiments, i.e. the results represent 2 × 10 fields at ×100 magnification, for all except for CY1‐I, in which efficiency of differentiation into neurons was quantified only once (1 × 10 fields). ES‐I and ES‐VI, parental murine ES cells; CY1‐I, polymorphism; CY3‐I, severe respiratory defect; CY2‐I and CY2‐VI, mild respiratory defect.