Table 5. Characteristics of Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) According to Hospital Survival Status.
Total Sample | |||
---|---|---|---|
Survived (n=312) |
Died (n=592) |
P Value | |
Characteristic | |||
Age (mean, yrs) | 67.7 | 73.9 | <.001 |
Male sex (%) | 55.6 | 52.2 | 0.33 |
Body mass index (%) | |||
<25 | 41.2 | 39.5 | 0.83 |
25-29.9 | 38.6 | 37.4 | |
≥30 | 20.3 | 23.1 | |
Duration of prehospital delay (mean hrs)** | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.09 |
Do not resuscitate order*** | 18.4 | 59.9 | <0.001 |
Medical history (%) | |||
Angina | 21.1 | 27.7 | <0.05 |
Diabetes | 32.0 | 32.3 | 0.92 |
Heart failure | 17.3 | 26.4 | <0.01 |
Hypertension | 58.5 | 55.2 | 0.35 |
Stroke | 9.3 | 12.3 | 0.16 |
Acute Presenting Symptoms (%) | |||
Chest pain* | 69.0 | 72.7 | 0.16 |
Diaphoresis* | 39.6 | 37.6 | 0.48 |
Dyspnea* | 64.5 | 57.5 | <.05 |
AMI characteristics (%) | |||
Initial | 63.9 | 57.9 | 0.08 |
Q wave | 52.1 | 58.5 | 0.07 |
Clinical Complications (%) | |||
Atrial fibrillation | 32.6 | 29.1 | 0.27 |
Third degree heart block | 14.4 | 16.4 | 0.43 |
Heart failure | 74.7 | 66.5 | 0.01 |
Stroke** | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.75 |
Physiologic findings at the time of hospital admission (mean) | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.7 | 118.4 | 0.60 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.0 | 66.6 | <0.05 |
Heart rate (bpm)** | 90.1 | 86.9 | 0.18 |
Laboratory findings at the time of hospital admission (mean, mg/dl) | |||
eGFR (%)**** | 55.5 | 46.7 | <0.001 |
Serum glucose**** | 241.3 | 217.3 | 0.07 |
Serum cholesterol | 191.7 | 195.6 | 0.53 |
Medications (%) | |||
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors* | 75.1 | 28.0 | <.001 |
Aspirin | 71.9 | 41.7 | <0.001 |
Beta blockers | 62.6 | 28.4 | <0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers | 28.5 | 24.4 | 0.24 |
Lipid lowering agents** | 36.3 | 10.0 | <0.001 |
Thrombolytics | 24.2 | 15.4 | <0.01 |
Procedures (%) | |||
Cardiac catheterization | 58.8 | 23.7 | <0.001 |
Coronary artery bypass graft | 11.9 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 46.5 | 17.7 | <0.001 |
Intraortic balloon counterpulsation | 44.7 | 21.7 | <.001 |
90-05 only
86-05 only
91-05 only
95-05 only