Table 3.
Patient or labor care characteristic | Minor trauma (N= 193) | Major trauma (n=83) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs (mean [SD]) |
25.4 (5.1) | 26.2 (6.1) | .28 |
Education. yrs (mean [SD]) |
12.7 (2.3) | 14.0 (3.3) | .002 |
Race, n (%) | .63 | ||
Non Hispanic white | 86(45) | 44(53) | |
Native American | 14(7) | 4(5) | |
Hispanic | 78(40) | 30(36) | |
Other | 15(8) | 5(6) | |
Nulliparous, n (%) | 53(27) | 59(71) | <.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) (mean [SD]) |
24.7 (5.2) | 25.0 (5.6) | .67 |
Maternal weight gain in pregnancy, lbs (mean [SD]) |
31.7 (14.0) | 34.8 (13.3) | .08 |
Birthweight, g (mean [SD]) |
3344 (436) | 3452 (445) | .06 |
Length of active pushing, mins (mean [SD]) |
29.5 (36.0) | 53.7 (48.9) | <.001 |
Epidural, n (%) | 73(38) | 39(47) | .18 |
Maternal positions other than sitting, n (%) | 28(15) | 20(24) | .06 |
Oxytocin, n (%) | 6433) | 32(39) | .41 |
Fetal presentation LOA, n (%) | 186(96) | 81(98) | 1.0 |
Directed forceful pushing, n (%) | 31(16) | 15(18) | .73 |
BMI = body mass index; LOA = left occiput anterior; SD = standard deviation