Figure 1.

Experimental protocol (A). For capsaicin infiltration (see schematic part B), rats underwent pain behavioral testing, then subcutaneous drug or vehicle infiltration. The next day, approximately 18 hrs later, pain behaviors were measured and then incision was made. One to two hrs after incision, pain behaviors were measured again and then daily for the next 3 days. For perineural application (see schematic part C), rats underwent pain behavioral testing, then perineural drug or vehicle application. Four days later, pain behaviors were measured and then incision was performed. Two hrs after incision, pain behaviors were measured again and then daily for the next 3 days.