TABLE 1.
Characteristics of control and type 2 diabetic subjects and Spearman's correlation coefficients between serum or urinary adiponectin levels and cardiovascular risk factors and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients
| Control subjects | Type 2 diabetic patients | P* | Serum adiponectin |
Urinary adiponectin |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P† | r | P† | ||||
| n | 40 | 156 | |||||
| Sex (male) | 25 (61.0) | 117 (75.0) | 0.017 | −0.290 | <0.001 | −0.009 | 0.915 |
| Age (years) | 51.9 ± 9.5 | 60.5 ± 7.8 | <0.001 | 0.327 | <0.001 | 0.181 | 0.025 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 4.6 | 33.1 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | −0.041 | 0.613 | −0.098 | 0.231 |
| WHR | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.08 | <0.001 | −0.286 | <0.001 | 0.062 | 0.453 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.52 ± 0.42 | 1.17 ± 0.35 | <0.001 | 0.413 | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.826 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.12 ± 0.72 | 2.66 ± 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.137 | 0.106 | −0.013 | 0.877 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)‡ | 1.06 (0.80–1.71) | 1.87 (1.19–2.86) | <0.001 | −0.311 | <0.001 | −0.069 | 0.400 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 5.06 ± 0.6 | 8.03 ± 2.74 | <0.001 | −0.167 | 0.041 | 0.073 | 0.375 |
| A1C (%) | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | −0.143 | 0.085 | 0.080 | 0.342 |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min) | 119.3 ± 41.2 | 109.6 ± 40.7 | 0.146 | −0.223 | 0.011 | −0.156 | 0.074 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.57 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.141 | 0.084 | −0.025 | 0.759 |
| AER (mg/24h)‡ | <10 | 43.9 (21.5–103.1) | <0.001 | −0.009 | 0.911 | −0.031 | 0.707 |
| High-sensitive CRP (mg/l)‡ | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 2.3 (1.0–4.9) | <0.001 | −0.188 | 0.024 | −0.152 | 0.069 |
| Systolic blood pressure, 24 h (mmHG) | 124 ± 14 | 140 ± 16 | <0.001 | −0.025 | 0.770 | 0.124 | 0.137 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, 24 h (mmHG) | 76 ± 9 | 80 ± 8 | 0.010 | −0.093 | 0.265 | 0.031 | 0.715 |
| Mean arterial pressure, 24 h (mmHG) | 92 ± 9 | 99 ± 10 | <0.001 | −0.060 | 0.472 | 0.073 | 0.383 |
| Duration of diabetes (years)‡ | 11.0 (6.0–16.0) | 0.135 | 0.099 | 0.211 | 0.009 | ||
| Current smoker (yes) | 13 (31.7) | 25 (16.0) | 0.027 | −0.054 | 0.509 | −0.022 | 0.788 |
| Patient with angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (yes: n; %) | 131 (84.0) | 0.104 | 0.205 | −0.191 | 0.019 | ||
| Patient with statins (yes: n; %) | 91 (58.3) | 0.074 | 0.364 | 0.016 | 0.846 | ||
| Carotid IMT (mm) | 0.88 ± 0.15 | −0.202 | 0.017 | 0.479 | <0.001 | ||
| Serum adiponectin (μg/ml) | 10.3 ± 6.6 | 7.0 ± 4.9 | 0.033 | 0.184 | 0.025 | ||
| Urinary adiponectin (μg/g creatinine) | 2.91 ± 3.85 | 7.68 ± 14.26 | 0.008 | 0.184 | 0.025 | ||
Data are means ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range).
*P for type 2 diabetic versus control subjects (by independent t test for normally distributed data or Mann-Whitney U test for not normally distributed data).
†P by bivariate Spearman correlation analysis.