TABLE 1.

Associations of 18 SNPs with early-phase insulin release (InsAUC_0–30/GluAUC_0–30), proinsulin conversion (ProinsAUC_0–30/InsAUC_0–30), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI), and disposition index (disposition index = InsAUC_0–30/GluAUC_0–30 × Matsuda ISI) in nondiabetic subjects

Gene SNP	Alleles MAF (%)	InsAUC0–30 / GluAUC0–30			ProinsAUC0–30 / InsAUC0–30			Matsuda ISI			Disposition index
		Effect size B (SE)	P values	*P values	Effect size B (SE)	P values	*P values	Effect size B (SE)	P values	†P values	Effect size B (SE)	P values	†P values
PPARG rs1801282	C/G 15.5	0.63 (0.57)	0.316	0.664	0.14 (0.45)	0.991	0.560	−0.11 (0.11)	0.364	0.054	−0.30 (1.99)	0.958	0.810
KCNJ11 rs5219	G/A 47.7	−1.14 (0.41)	3.8E-04	0.025	0.49 (0.32)	0.115	0.531	0.25 (0.08)	0.005	0.008	−1.32 (1.40)	0.362	0.231
TCF7L2 rs7903146	C/T 17.7	−1.78 (0.53)	3.9E-05	9.8E-07	0.75 (0.42)	0.002	6.0E-04	0.12 (0.11)	0.228	0.920	−6.51 (1.87)	8.3E-05	3.4E-06
SLC30A8 rs13266634	C/T 39.1	−0.83 (0.41)	0.013	3.2E-04	0.73 (0.33)	1.9E-05	1.2E-05	−0.00 (0.08)	0.871	0.679	−4.19 (1.46)	0.001	4.2E-04
HHEX rs1111875	C/T 46.9	−2.73 (0.40)	3.2E-12	1.4E-14	0.80 (0.32)	9.7E-06	6.5E-06	0.17 (0.08)	0.010	0.017	−8.89 (1.42)	2.5E-09	1.2E-10
LOC387761 rs7480010	A/G 17.5	−0.51 (0.54)	0.540	0.290	−0.33 (0.44)	0.829	0.194	0.17 (0.11)	0.087	0.345	3.57 (1.91)	0.094	0.189
CDKN2B rs10811661	A/G 14.5	−1.15 (0.58)	0.021	1.7E-04	0.31 (0.47)	0.285	0.211	−0.03 (0.12)	0.847	0.413	−6.30 (1.99)	4.3E-04	0.001
IGF2BP2 rs4402960	C/A 32.1	−1.34 (0.43)	0.004	0.004	0.14 (0.34)	0.263	0.368	0.08 (0.09)	0.182	0.440	−4.22 (1.53)	0.038	0.014
CDKAL1 rs7754840	G/C 37.0	−1.68 (0.42)	3.4E-05	2.2E-06	0.32 (0.34)	3.1E-04	0.001	0.12 (0.08)	0.181	0.176	−5.25 (1.48)	1.6E-04	6.4E-05
WFS1 rs10010131	G/A 45.0	−0.56 (0.41)	0.048	0.397	0.01 (0.33)	0.402	0.081	0.14 (0.08)	0.055	0.100	0.23 (1.44)	0.986	0.808
JAZF1 rs864745	A/G 48.5	0.15 (0.41)	0.551	0.554	−0.25 (0.32)	0.792	0.968	−0.10 (0.08)	0.198	0.067	−1.31 (1.43)	0.301	0.241
CDC123 rs12779790	A/G 21.5	−0.82 (0.49)	0.059	0.062	−0.07 (0.39)	0.486	0.598	0.07 (0.10)	0.369	0.433	−2.36 (1.73)	0.196	0.043
TSPAN8 rs7961581	A/G 19.4	0.23 (0.51)	0.525	0.891	−0.29 (0.41)	0.120	0.310	−0.15 (0.10)	0.343	0.008	−0.75 (1.80)	0.635	0.308
THADA rs7578597	A/G 5.0	−2.09 (0.93)	0.263	0.232	−1.24 (0.73)	0.425	0.267	0.04 (0.18)	0.659	0.373	−3.51 (3.27)	0.355	0.410
ADAMTS9 rs4607103	G/A 26.1	−0.66 (0.47)	0.335	0.221	−0.04 (0.37)	0.087	0.069	−0.04 (0.09)	0.809	0.587	−2.13 (1.65)	0.308	0.332
NOTCH2 rs10923931	C/A 13.8	−0.56 (0.59)	0.228	0.668	−0.95 (0.47)	0.360	0.080	0.16 (0.12)	0.054	0.060	1.21 (2.09)	0.244	0.300
KCNQ1 rs2283228	A/C 6.2	−1.03 (0.84)	0.161	0.093	0.31 (0.66)	0.176	0.353	0.10 (0.17)	0.701	0.284	−3.29 (2.96)	0.162	0.221
MTNR1B rs10830963	C/G 36.0	−2.02 (0.42)	1.4E-07	1.0E-13	−0.21 (0.33)	0.301	0.189	0.03 (0.08)	0.577	0.436	−9.65 (1.47)	6.7E-11	3.8E-13

Effect size shown is B-coefficient (SE) per copy of the type 2 diabetes risk allele, and was calculated using untransformed variables adjusted for age by linear regression. P values were calculated using log-transformed variables (because of their skewed distribution) by linear regression. P values are adjusted for age;

P values are adjusted for age, BMI, and Matsuda ISI;

†P values are adjusted for age and BMI. In the entire cohort, means ± SE of examined parameters and the number of subjects with available data were as follows: InsAUC_0–30/GluAUC_0–30 30.4 ± 0.29 pmol/mmol (n = 5,298), ProinsAUC_0–30/InsAUC_0–30 12.5 ± 0.23 (n = 2,697), Matsuda ISI 7.03 ± 0.06 (mg/dl, mU/l; n = 5,295), and disposition index 163.7 ± 1.02 (n = 5,295). P values significant after correction for multiple testing (P < 6.9 × 10⁻⁴) are in bold. Risk alleles are underlined. Results for the additive model are presented.