Figure 1.

E-PS males showed maladaptive behavioral stress responsivity in tail suspension and forced swim tests. Male and female offspring born to unstressed dams [control (C)] or dams exposed to PS during early (E), mid (M), or late (L) gestation were compared. A, B, E-PS males spent significantly more time immobile in a tail suspension test (A) and a forced swim test (B) compared with control males (*p < 0.05). C, E-PS males spent significantly less time climbing compared with control males in the forced swim test (*p < 0.05). D, No significant differences in time spent swimming were detected between control and prenatally stressed male or female offspring. E, F, No differences were found in an open field test for crosses into the center arena (E) or total number of crossed lines (F). Data are mean ± SEM. n = 4–6.