Table 2.
Baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics by direct serum bilirubin level
| Variable | Direct serum bilirubin levels |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.1 (n = 277) | 0.2 (n = 181) | 0.3 (n = 56) | ≥0.4 (n = 37) | |
| Age | 68.3 ± 15.9 | 69.2 ± 16.4 | 66.9 ± 17.5 | 70.5 ± 16.4 |
| Female* | 148 (53.6%) | 85 (47.0%) | 16 (28.6%) | 8 (21.6%) |
| Race ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic whites | 199 (72.6%) | 130 (71.8%) | 41 (73.2%) | 28 (75.7%) |
| Blacks | 28 (10.2%) | 13 (7.2%) | 6 (10.7%) | 1 (2.7%) |
| Hispanics | 28 (10.2%) | 16 (8.8%) | 3 (5.4%) | 5 (13.5%) |
| Asians | 17 (6.2%) | 22 (12.2%) | 6 (10.7%) | 2 (5.4%) |
| Stroke mechanisms | ||||
| Cardioembolism* | 84 (30.7%) | 67 (37.2%) | 31 (56.4%) | 20 (55.6%) |
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 59 (21.5%) | 30 (16.7%) | 9 (16.4%) | 6 (16.7%) |
| Small arterial occlusion | 43 (15.7%) | 31 (17.2%) | 7 (12.7%) | 6 (16.7%) |
| Other | 40 (14.6%) | 18 (10.0%) | 5 (9.1%) | 1 (2.8%) |
| Unknown | 48 (17.5%) | 34 (18.9%) | 3 (5.5%) | 3 (8.3%) |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 181 (65.8%) | 120 (67.0%) | 39 (69.6%) | 29 (78.4%) |
| Diabetes | 67 (24.2%) | 40 (22.3%) | 17 (30.4%) | 7 (18.9%) |
| Atrial fibrillation* | 45 (16.2%) | 43 (23.9%) | 21 (37.5%) | 12 (32.4%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 102 (36.8%) | 62 (34.6%) | 16 (28.6%) | 15 (40.5%) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 144 (62.1%) | 90 (57.0%) | 30 (60.0%) | 13 (44.8%) |
| Smoking habits | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 177 (64.1%) | 121 (67.2%) | 35 (62.5%) | 22 (59.5%) |
| Ex-smoker | 63 (22.8%) | 44 (24.4%) | 17 (30.4%) | 11 (29.7%) |
| Current smoker | 36 (13.0%) | 15 (8.3%) | 4(7.1%) | 4 (10.8%) |
| History of stroke | 76 (27.5%) | 33 (18.2%) | 14 (25.0%) | 7 (18.9%) |
| History of TIA | 25 (9.0%) | 20 (11.0%) | 8 (14.3%) | 4 (10.8%) |
| Coronary heart disease | 54 (19.5%) | 42 (23.5%) | 18 (32.1%) | 13 (35.1%) |
| Laboratory findings on admission | ||||
| Glucose | 125.3 ± 56.7 | 128.6 ± 52.6 | 134.9 ± 55.6 | 128.2 ± 51.8 |
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) score* | 3 (1–10) | 5 (1–14) | 5 (1–15) | 8 (3–19) |
| Quartile 1 (0–1 point) | 102 (36.8%) | 47 (26.0%) | 15 (26.8%) | 7 (18.9%) |
| Quartile 2 (2–4 points) | 64 (23.1%) | 37 (20.4%) | 12 (21.4%) | 7 (18.9%) |
| Quartile 3 (5–12 points) | 51 (18.4%) | 48 (26.5%) | 13 (23.2%) | 9 (24.3%) |
| Quartile 4 (> 12 points) | 60 (21.7%) | 49 (27.1%) | 16 (28.6%) | 14 (37.8%) |
| Modified Rankin score at discharge | ||||
| Excellent (0–1 point) | 156 (60.5%) | 75 (46.0%) | 25 (51.0%) | 14 (41.2%) |
| Fair (2–3 points) | 45 (17.4%) | 34 (20.9%) | 11 (22.4%) | 8 (23.5%) |
| Poor (4–6 points) | 57 (22.1%) | 54 (33.1%) | 13 (26.5%) | 12 (35.3%) |
| Premorbid medications | ||||
| Antithrombotics | 140 (50.9%) | 91 (50.3%) | 28 (50.0%) | 22 (59.5%) |
| Warfarin | 30 (10.9%) | 16 (8.8%) | 7 (12.5%) | 6 (16.2%) |
| Statins | 91 (33.1%) | 56 (30.9%) | 14 (25.0%) | 16 (43.2%) |
IQR, interquartile range (25–75%); NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
*
P value for comparison <.05.