ER and Mitochondria functional link: MAM |
FACL4 |
Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase type 4 |
Key enzyme involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, and thereby plays a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. FACL4 preferentially utilizes arachidonate as substrate and selectively esterifies it with coenzyme A, forming acyl-CoA, which can then be incorporated into membrane phospholipid |
grp75 |
glucose-regulated protein 75 |
Molecular chaperone which regulate the association between ER and mitochondria: cytosolic grp75 links IP3Rs to VDAC at the OMM, the resulting association presumably enhances the Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria by stabilizing conformations or the coupling of the two receptors |
IP3Rs |
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors |
See Table 1
|
GRP78/BiP |
78-kDa glucose-regulated protein GRP78, also referred to as the immunoglobulin binding protein BiP |
Central regulator of ER functions due to its roles in protein folding and assembly, targeting misfolded protein for degradation, ER Ca2+-binding and controlling the activation of trans-membrane ER stress sensors |
PACS-2 |
Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 |
Multifunctional sorting protein that integrates ER-mitochondria communication, ER homeostasis, homeostasis of ER Ca2+ and apoptosis. PACS-2 controls the apposition of mitochondria with the ER and formation of ER lipid-synthesizing centers found on MAM, and regulates the distribution and activity of calnexin |
PSS-1 |
Phosphatidylserine synthase-1 |
Enzyme involved in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis in mammalian cells: exchanges serine for choline of phosphatidylcholine; PSS-1 is highly enriched in MAM and is largely excluded from the bulk of the ER |
Sig-1R |
Sigma-1 receptor |
Ca2+-sensitive and ligand-operated receptor chaperone that specifically targets MAM. Sig-1Rs form a Ca2+-sensitive chaperone machinery with BiP and prolong Ca2+ signaling from ER into mitochondria by stabilizing IP3R-3 at MAM; Sig-1Rs can translocate under chronic ER stress |
VDAC |
Voltage dependent anion channel |
See Table 1
|