EXHIBIT 3.
Regression Coefficients Of Medicare Beneficiaries’ Outpatient Visits On Patients’ Characteristics And Stated Preferences For Care, 2005
| Outpatient utilization | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
| Constant | 4.1***(0.35) | 4.0***(0.36) | 3.9***(0.37) | 4.0***(0.38) | 3.8***(0.38) |
| Female | 1.2***(0.30) | 1.2***(0.30) | 1.2***(0.30) | 1.2***(0.30) | 1.3***(0.29) |
| 75–84 years | 2.0***(0.30) | 2.1***(0.30) | 2.0***(0.30) | 2.0***(0.30) | 2.0***(0.30) |
| 85+ years | 1.5***(0.56) | 1.5***(0.56) | 1.6***(0.56) | 1.5***(0.56) | 1.6***(0.56) |
| Nonwhite race | −0.11 (0.42) | −0.19 (0.43) | −0.13 (0.42) | −0.12 (0.42) | −0.25 (0.42) |
| Less than high school | −0.48 (0.38) | −0.52 (0.38) | −0.49 (0.38) | −0.48 (0.38) | −0.47 (0.38) |
| College degree or higher | 0.65*(0.37) | 0.67*(0.37) | 0.67*(0.37) | 0.66*(0.37) | 0.64*(0.37) |
| Financial concerns | −0.21 (0.30) | −0.22 (0.30) | −0.21 (0.30) | −0.21 (0.30) | −0.21 (0.30) |
| Good health | 1.8***(0.31) | 1.8***(0.31) | 1.8***(0.31) | 1.8***(0.31) | 1.8***(0.31) |
| Poor or fair health | 3.9***(0.39) | 3.9***(0.39) | 3.9***(0.39) | 3.9***(0.39) | 3.9***(0.39) |
| Preference for seeing doctor right away (model 2) |
– | 0.79**(.39) | – | – | – |
| Preference for tests (model 3) | – | – | 0.25 (.28) | – | – |
| Preference for specialty visits (model 4) |
– | – | – | 0.08 (0.33) | – |
| Preference for specialist as primary provider (model 5) |
– | – | – | – | 1.4***(.38) |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.087 | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.087 | 0.095 |
SOURCE: Causes and Consequences of Health Care Intensity Patient Survey, national random sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries, 2005.
NOTES: N = 1,955. The regression coefficient indicates the net effect of the independent variables listed in column 1 on the number of outpatient visits, holding the remaining variables constant. For example, in model 1, female respondents had 1.2 more visits than male respondents, holding all else equal. Robust standard errors are in parentheses.
**
p < 0.10
**
p < 0.05
***
p < 0.01