Table 1.

Patient gender- and age-based comparisons of esophageal Doppler monitoring versus pulmonary artery catheter bias characteristics

Patient group	N	Number of measurements	Bias ± S.D.a	95% C.I.b	S.E.M.c
Men (M) C.O.d	11	115	-1.01 ± 1.89	-4.79 to 2.77	0.177
Women (F) C.O.	4	40	-2.63 ± 2.16	-6.94 to 1.68	0.341
Difference (F vs M)f			-1.61	-2.33 to −0.902	P<0.001
Men (M) S.V.e	11	115	-9.12 ± 15.5	-40.1 to 21.9	1.52
Women (F) S.V.	4	40	-31.3 ± 20.7	-72.7 to 10.1	3.44
Difference (F vs M)f			-22.2	-15.7 to −28.6	P<0.001
Age <40 y/o	5	92	-1.30 ± 1.86	-5.02 to 2.42	0.194
Age 40 y/o	10	63	-1.63 ± 2.37	-6.37 to 3.11	0.298
Difference (<40 y/o vs 40 y/o)f			0.332	-0.340 to 1.00	P=0.330

^aS.D. = Standard deviation,

^bC.I. = Confidence interval,

^cS.E.M. = Standard error of the mean,

^dC.O. = Cardiac output,

^eS.V. = Stroke volume,

^fStudent's t-test