Table 3.

Summary of studies reviewed.

Citation	Study Design	Principal Findings
Dunn et al18	Cross-sectional study	First paper to describe a VA chiropractic clinic Most consults originated from primary care 82% were seen for a lumbar complaint
Dunn & Passmore23	Cross-sectional study	Follow-up study to the one listed above 16% of patients had a diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder 72% were seen for a lumbar complaint
Dunn et al25	Cross-sectional study	Patients with PTSD experienced significantly lower levels of neck and low back pain and disability score improvement than those without PTSD, suggesting that the success of conservative forms of management for veterans may be limited by the presence of PTSD
Dunn16	Descriptive study	First paper to describe chiropractic training in VA or DoD facilities Described the development and implementation of a chiropractic intern training program at a VA facility
Boudreau et al12	Survey	First report of Canadian military hospital offering chiropractic care Most referrals were for low back pain and axial musculoskeletal complaints Reported high levels of satisfaction from patients (94%) and referring providers (80%)
Dunn17	Survey	No difference in demographics, income, job satisfaction, or career success were detected between interns participating in a rotation through two US naval hospitals compared to interns who did not
Dunn20	Survey	Compared academic affiliations, internship programs, staffing, physical plant properties intern selection, duration, weekly hours, and number of interns at 4 VA chiropractic programs
Green et al19	Case report	First clinical study about chiropractic care in DoD Case report of coordinated multidisciplinary treatment of a US Marine pilot with low back pain.
Green et al22	Case report	Described a previously unreported type of sacral synchondrosis and chiropractic methods and multidisciplinary approach used to diagnose and manage a US Marine’s low back pain
Passmore & Dunn26	Case report	Described the use of spinal manipulation for a female veteran with a diagnosis of cervical angina
Dunn & Passmore21	Commentary	Proposed 6 strategies that could potentially help reduce wait times for appointments, encourage appropriate consultation requests from gatekeepers, optimize clinic efficiency and maximize clinical effectiveness in an effort to improve the provision of the chiropractic benefit at VA facilities
Johnson et al24	Commentary	Described integration of chiropractic services and the potential public health opportunities for chiropractors in military and veteran treatment facilities
Green et al15	Commentary	Described how health care providers within DoD and VA treatment facilities refer to and work collaboratively with chiropractors who work at the same facility