Table 1.
Overall BD-I (n = 37) | Depressed BD-I (n = 16) | Remitted BD-I (n = 21) | Healthy controls (n = 26) | Comparisons | Statistical test | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (±SD) | 34.1 ± 9.0 | 36.9 ± 9.1 | 31.9 ± 8.5 | 28.8 ± 9.5 | BD-I > HC and DP > HCa | t test = 2.22, df = 61, P = 0.030; and F = 0.026, df = 2, P = 0.026 |
Gender (no. of males;%) | 13 (35.1%) | 3 (18.8%) | 10 (47.6%) | 12 (46.2%) | BD-I = HC and DP = RT = HC | χ2 = 0.77, df = 1, P = 0.379; and χ2 = 3.94, df = 2, P = 0.140 |
Age of onset (years; mean ± SD) | 22.43 ± 8.5 | 24.8 ± 10.2 | 20.6 ± 6.7 | – | DP = RT | Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.290 |
Illness duration (years; mean ± SD) | 11.6 ± 7.5 | 12.0 ± 9.2 | 11.3 ± 6.2 | – | DP = RT | Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.782 |
HDRS-25 (mean score ± SD) | 9.4 ± 9.4 | 18.2 ± 6.5 | 2.7 ± 4.4 | – | DP > RT | Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.000 |
Medication load (mean score ± SD) | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | – | DP > RT | Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.018 |
Substance use disorderb | 14 (37.8%) | 5 (31.3%) | 9 (42.9%) | – | DP = RT | χ2 = 0.52, df = 1, P = 0.471 |
BD-I, bipolar I disorder; DP, depressed patients; RT, remitted patients; HC, healthy controls; HDRS-25, 25-item Hamilton depression rating scale
Tukey for multiple comparisons, P < 0.05
Number of individuals with a positive diagnosis of substance use disorder (prevalence)