. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009 Mar 3;259(6):316–328. doi: 10.1007/s00406-009-0002-8

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical information for BD-I patients and healthy individuals

	Overall BD-I (n = 37)	Depressed BD-I (n = 16)	Remitted BD-I (n = 21)	Healthy controls (n = 26)	Comparisons	Statistical test
Mean age (±SD)	34.1 ± 9.0	36.9 ± 9.1	31.9 ± 8.5	28.8 ± 9.5	BD-I > HC and DP > HC^a	t test = 2.22, df = 61, P = 0.030; and F = 0.026, df = 2, P = 0.026
Gender (no. of males;%)	13 (35.1%)	3 (18.8%)	10 (47.6%)	12 (46.2%)	BD-I = HC and DP = RT = HC	χ² = 0.77, df = 1, P = 0.379; and χ² = 3.94, df = 2, P = 0.140
Age of onset (years; mean ± SD)	22.43 ± 8.5	24.8 ± 10.2	20.6 ± 6.7	–	DP = RT	Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.290
Illness duration (years; mean ± SD)	11.6 ± 7.5	12.0 ± 9.2	11.3 ± 6.2	–	DP = RT	Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.782
HDRS-25 (mean score ± SD)	9.4 ± 9.4	18.2 ± 6.5	2.7 ± 4.4	–	DP > RT	Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.000
Medication load (mean score ± SD)	3.1 ± 2.0	3.9 ± 2.0	2.5 ± 1.8	–	DP > RT	Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.018
Substance use disorder^b	14 (37.8%)	5 (31.3%)	9 (42.9%)	–	DP = RT	χ² = 0.52, df = 1, P = 0.471

BD-I, bipolar I disorder; DP, depressed patients; RT, remitted patients; HC, healthy controls; HDRS-25, 25-item Hamilton depression rating scale

Tukey for multiple comparisons, P < 0.05

Number of individuals with a positive diagnosis of substance use disorder (prevalence)