Table 4.

Regression coefficients in the final mixed-effects regression models for CES-D total score^*

Brain region	Baseline age	Interval	CES-D	Baseline age × CES-D	CES-D × interval
Frontal lobes
Left grey matter	−145.2†	−700.5‡	69.6	—	—
Right grey matter	−146.0†	−301.9‡	−23.9	—	—
Left white matter	−366.1‡	−360.4‡	235.5	—	−32.6†
Right white matter	−413.1‡	−1362.1‡	407.5‡	—	—
Temporal lobes
Left grey matter	−98.6	−347.0‡	1713.6†	−24.4†	—
Right grey matter	−208.1‡	−73.3	−62.6	—	—
Left white matter	−264.2‡	−559.5‡	81.6	—	—
Right white matter	−259.1‡	−1043.9‡	204.8†	—	—
Cingulate gyrus	−76.4	−208.2‡	846.1	−12.8§	—
Orbitofrontal cortex	22.1	−79.6‡	743.9	−11.3†	—
Hippocampus
Left	−2.7	−10.7‡	2.8	—	—
Right	−1.8	−12.9‡	4.7	—	—

CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.³²

^*We entered intracranial volume and sex as covariates in all analyses. Intracranial volume was significant in all models (all p < 0.001). Sex effects (smaller volumes in men) were significant for right frontal grey matter (p = 0.032) and cingulate gyrus (p = 0.008) volumes. For left frontal white matter, we added baseline volume (p < 0.001) as a covariate because we found individuals with higher depressive symptom scores to have larger volumes at baseline. Blanks indicate variables that were dropped from the model by backward elimination.

^†Significance at p < 0.05.

^‡Significance at p < 0.01.

^§p = 0.054.