Table 3.
Univariate analysis for the association of physical performance, grip strength and functional status with the burden of medications with anticholinergic and/or sedating effects
| Parameter estimate (B) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chair Stands | Walking speed | Narrow walk | Balance | Grip strength | IADL score | |
| n= 1548 | n= 1616 | n= 1589 | n= 1613 | n= 1595 | n= 1678 | |
| Anticholinergics | ||||||
| Antiemetics | 0.36 | −0.23 | −0.38 | 0.64 | −1.26 | 5.12** |
| Antipsychotics | −0.02 | −0.08 | −0.04 | −0.54 | −8.72 | 2.90** |
| Antihistamines | 2.06 | −0.03 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −3.82 | 0.25 |
| Spasmolytics | 3.16 | −0.20*** | −0.15 | −1.34** | −9.75** | 1.56*** |
| Cardiovascular | 4.30*** | −0.19** | −0.11 | −0.29 | −5.37*** | 0.39 |
| Parasympathomimetics | 1.17 | −0.10*** | −0.09 | −0.28 | −3.72*** | 0.93** |
| Antidepressants other than SSRIs | 1.36 | −0.07 | −0.06 | −0.27 | −2.80 | 0.86** |
| Sympathomimetics | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.00 | 0.16 | −0.64 | −0.07 |
| Sedatives | ||||||
| Dopaminergics | 2.29 | −0.11*** | −0.16** | −0.83* | −1.04 | 1.62* |
| Anticonvulsants | 6.29*** | −0.36* | −0.36** | −0.91** | −8.22** | 1.67** |
| Opioids | 2.37 | −0.17*** | −0.18*** | −0.89* | −5.29*** | 1.02*** |
| Antidepressants-SSRIs | 3.21 | −0.04 | −0.19** | −0.31 | 0.90 | 1.16** |
| Anxiolytics | 1.68 | −0.10*** | −0.13** | −0.20 | −2.13 | 0.60*** |
IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IADL score – higher score indicates worse function, balance test, 0-worst performance, 3-best performance; grip strength – higher number indicates better function; chair stands, 6 m walking speed and 20 cm narrow walking speed – lower number indicates better performance;
***
<0.05;
**
<0.01
*
<0.0001; only significant P-values shown; SD, standard deviation; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; n represents number of subjects completing each test.