Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants According to Category of Total Physical Activity, Strong Heart Study, 1989–1999a
| Total Physical Activityb, MET-hours/weekc |
P-Trend | ||||||||||||
| No Activity (n = 130) |
<30 (Median, 12.1) (n = 495) |
30–106 (Median, 69.0) (n = 474) |
>106 (Median, 165.0) (n = 552) |
||||||||||
| No. | % | Mean (SE) | No. | % | Mean (SE) | No. | % | Mean (SE) | No. | % | Mean (SE) | ||
| Female sex | 86 | 66.15 | 334 | 67.47 | 264 | 55.70 | 260 | 47.10 | <0.01 | ||||
| Age, years | 59.51 (0.72) | 55.63 (0.36) | 55.27 (0.37) | 53.48 (0.30) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Body mass indexd | 30.88 (0.60) | 29.98 (0.29) | 29.54 (0.25) | 29.64 (0.23) | <0.05 | ||||||||
| Body fat, % | 38.92 (0.85) | 36.93 (0.40) | 35.04 (0.40) | 33.64 (0.38) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Waist circumference, cm | 105.70 (1.43) | 101.90 (0.69) | 101.56 (0.60) | 101.00 (0.55) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127.29 (1.58) | 125.03 (0.82) | 124.03 (0.81) | 122.77 (0.70) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.74 (0.79) | 76.23 (0.47) | 76.40 (0.46) | 77.38 (0.41) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.56 (1.17) | 48.38 (0.63) | 47.91 (0.70) | 47.42 (0.60) | NS | ||||||||
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 111.68 (2.82) | 120.43 (1.50) | 121.78 (1.53) | 123.66 (1.43) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 111.93 (5.42) | 116.94 (2.87) | 135.18 (6.01) | 130.95 (3.74) | NS | ||||||||
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 309.89 (6.71) | 289.90 (3.07) | 281.00 (3.15) | 269.66 (2.65) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 69.50 (0.09) | 68.72 (0.46) | 66.53 (0.50) | 66.57 (0.44) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Glycosylated hemoglobin, % | 5.17 (0.05) | 5.18 (0.04) | 5.14 (0.03) | 5.08 (0.03) | NS | ||||||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 103.80 (0.94) | 101.98 (0.51) | 101.50 (0.49) | 101.47 (0.46) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 17.28 (0.98) | 15.76 (0.67) | 15.18 (0.51) | 13.92 (0.43) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Education, years | 11.14 (0.26) | 12.43 (0.14) | 12.92 (0.14) | 12.85 (0.12) | <0.01 | ||||||||
| Cigarette smoking | |||||||||||||
| Former smoker | 35 | 26.92 | 139 | 28.08 | 150 | 31.65 | 180 | 32.61 | NS | ||||
| Current smoker | 43 | 33.08 | 179 | 36.16 | 203 | 42.83 | 229 | 41.49 | <0.05 | ||||
| Family history of diabetes | 49 | 37.69 | 195 | 39.39 | 182 | 38.40 | 221 | 40.04 | NS | ||||
Abbreviations: MET, metabolic equivalent; NS, not significant; SE, standard error.
a
Sample sizes vary slightly because of occasional missing values.
b
Activity categories were determined by the distribution of total physical activity within the cohort.
c
MET-hours/week were calculated as the average amount of time spent in each activity per week multiplied by the MET value for each activity.
d
Weight (kg)/height (m)2.