Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of Participants According to Diabetes Status, Strong Heart Study, 1989–1999^a

	Incident Diabetes (n =  454)			No Diabetes (n = 1,197)			P-Trend
	No.	%	Mean (SE) or Median (IQR)	No.	%	Mean (SE) or Median (IQR)
Female sex	282	62.11		662	55.30		<0.01
Age, years			54.69 (0.36)			55.27 (0.23)	NS
Body mass indexb			32.31 (0.29)			28.86 (0.16)	<0.01
Body fat, %			38.29 (0.41)			34.37 (0.26)	<0.01
Waist circumference, cm			107.85 (0.66)			99.52 (0.39)	<0.01
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg			125.40 (0.78)			123.70 (0.51)	NS
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg			77.31 (0.45)			76.25 (0.29)	NS
High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL			45.94 (0.61)			48.59 (0.42)	<0.01
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL			117.20 (1.49)			122.72 (0.98)	<0.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL			141.26 (6.07)			120.82 (2.24)	<0.01
Fibrinogen, mg/dL			288.54 (3.38)			279.75 (1.92)	<0.05
Education, years			12.31 (0.14)			12.72 (0.09)	<0.05
Glycosylated hemoglobin, %			5.37 (0.04)			5.04 (0.02)	<0.01
Fasting glucose, mg/dL			105.90 (0.49)			100.27 (0.31)	<0.01
Fasting insulin, μU/mL			19.74 (0.57)			13.34 (0.34)	<0.01
Cigarette smoking
Former smoker	139	30.62		365	30.49		NS
Current smoker	156	34.36		498	41.60		<0.01
Physical activity, MET-hours/weekc
Total activity			55.50 (9.70–199.00)			66.00 (15.80–139.80)	NS
Leisure-time activity			13.40 (2.50–32.30)			17.80 (5.2–40.10)	<0.01
Occupational activity			18.50 (0–91.40)			18.50 (0–147.70)	NS
Family history of diabetes	195	42.95		452	37.76		NS

Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MET, metabolic equivalent; NS, not significant; SE, standard error.

^aSample sizes vary slightly because of occasional missing values.

^bWeight (kg)/height (m)².

^cData are median values and (in parentheses) interquartile ranges.