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. 2009 Jul 7;170(5):546–555. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp194

Table 3.

Adjusted Hazard Ratios for All-Cause Mortality Associated With Marital Trajectories Among US Women in the Health and Retirement Study, 1992–2006a

Total
 Adjusted for SES Risk Factorsb
 Adjusted for Behavioral Risk Factorsc
 Adjusted for Health Risk Factorsd
 Fully Adjustede
HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Current marital status
    Married 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Divorced 2.04 1.58, 2.64 1.32 1.00, 1.74 1.73 1.34, 2.23 1.62 1.25, 2.10 1.14 0.88, 1.49
    Widowed 1.61 1.26, 2.06 1.12 0.87, 1.44 1.33 1.04, 1.69 1.31 1.03, 1.67 0.98 0.77, 1.24
Marriage timing
    On time, ages 19–25 years 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
    Early, age ≤18 years 1.38 1.14, 1.66 1.15 0.95, 1.39 1.28 1.07, 1.54 1.11 0.92, 1.34 1.00 0.83, 1.21
    Late, age ≥26 years 1.14 0.87, 1.50 1.09 0.83, 1.43 1.08 0.83, 1.42 1.17 0.89, 1.54 1.02 0.78, 1.35
Marital transitions
    Divorces
        0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
        1 1.68 1.40, 2.03 1.38 1.14, 1.67 1.54 1.27, 1.86 1.44 1.19, 1.74 1.22 1.01, 1.48
        ≥2 1.72 1.26, 2.35 1.22 0.88, 1.69 1.46 1.06, 2.00 1.34 0.97, 1.83 1.00 0.72, 1.38
    Widowhoods
        0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
        1 1.29 1.06, 1.58 1.04 0.85, 1.27 1.15 0.94, 1.40 1.12 0.92, 1.37 0.94 0.77, 1.14
        ≥2 0.56 0.17, 1.88 0.47 0.14, 1.53 0.50 0.15, 1.61 0.49 0.16, 1.49 0.37 0.14, 0.97
Marital durations
    Years of marriage
        <20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
        20–29 0.74 0.55, 1.00 0.84 0.61, 1.14 0.74 0.55, 1.01 0.83 0.61, 1.12 0.89 0.66, 1.22
        30–39 0.70 0.52, 0.95 0.83 0.61, 1.13 0.77 0.57, 1.05 0.77 0.57, 1.04 0.93 0.68, 1.27
        ≥40 0.37 0.26, 0.53 0.45 0.31, 0.65 0.41 0.29, 0.59 0.39 0.27, 0.55 0.49 0.34, 0.72
    Years of divorce
        0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
        1–4 1.62 1.26, 2.09 1.40 1.08, 1.81 1.49 1.15, 1.93 1.37 1.06, 1.77 1.25 0.96, 1.61
        5–9 1.34 0.93, 1.93 1.20 0.84, 1.72 1.22 0.85, 1.76 1.12 0.78, 1.63 0.98 0.68, 1.41
        ≥10 0.99 0.72, 1.36 0.77 0.55, 1.06 0.93 0.68, 1.28 0.79 0.57, 1.09 0.70 0.51, 0.97
    Years of widowhood
        0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
        1–4 1.19 0.89, 1.59 1.03 0.78, 1.38 1.09 0.82, 1.45 1.05 0.79, 1.41 0.92 0.69, 1.23
        ≥5 0.91 0.69, 1.20 0.69 0.52, 0.91 0.81 0.62, 1.07 0.74 0.56, 0.98 0.63 0.48, 0.83

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SES, socioeconomic status.

a

All models were weighted and were adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, region, household size, and children.

b

Adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, region, household size, children, education, occupational status, occupational tenure, wealth, and health insurance coverage.

c

Adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, region, household size, children, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, body mass index, and preventive health care.

d

Adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, region, household size, children, number of chronic illnesses (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, and stroke), any activities of daily living (ADL) limitations, and depressive symptoms (8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale).

e

Adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, region, household size, children, education, occupational status, occupational tenure, wealth, health insurance coverage, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise, body mass index, preventive health care, number of chronic illnesses (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, and stroke), any ADL limitations, and depressive symptoms (8-item CES-D Scale).