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Variables affecting PMI frequently investigated in studies included
| Variable | No. of papers that study this variable | No. of papers that find this variable affecting PMI |
| Advanced age | 9 | 4 |
| Female gender | 10 | 2 |
| Race | 2 | 1 |
| Education | 2 | 1 |
| Performance status | 9 | 4 |
| Stage of the disease and/or presence of metastasis | 5 | 5 |
| Pain intensity | 2 | 2 |
| Discrepancy between the pain rate given by patient and by the physician | 5 | 4 |
PMI, Pain Management Index.
