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A. Genes involved in regulation of intracellular signaling. RT-qPCR confirmed gene expression changes in self-administering compared to yoked saline rats after 1 and 14 days of abstinence. B. Genes involved in neuronal adaptations to behavior. RT-qPCR confirmed gene expression changes in self-administering compared to yoked saline rats after 1 and 14 days of abstinence. In both panels, data represent means ± SEM. * p < 0.01, # p < 0.05.
