Table 2.
Kidney Disease Outcomes in Patients with HIV and HIV-Hepatitis C Co-Infection.
| Outcomes, % | Reported Effect Size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Outcome Definition | Length of f/u | HCV | No HCV | Univariate | Adjusted | Attrition |
| Ahuja et al | Proteinuria > 1.5g/day | … | 3.9 | 2.3 | 1.7 (0.4–5.5) | NA | … |
| Bagnis et al | ↑creatinine | … | 2.9 | 4.0 | ↓creatinine | NA | … |
| Becker et al | Hemolytic uremic syndrome | Median 4.1 yrs | 0.7 | 0.2 | NA | NA | 13% |
| Brodie et al | Nephrolithiasis (IDV) | 2 yrs | 37.0 | 12.8 | 4.0 (1.1–15.5) | 4.0 | NA |
| Dieleman et al | Pyuria (IDV) | Median 48 wks | 18.2 | 20.0 | NS | NA | NA |
| Duval et al | Renal SAE (PI) | Median 1.9 yrs | 4.0 | 2.2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Franceschini et al | Acute renal failure | 2 yrs | 15.0 | 8.3 | * | * | NA |
| Gallant et al | Δ creatinine clearance (TDF) | Median 1 yr | Δ −9% | Δ −8% | NS | NA | NA |
| Gardner et ala | ↑creatinine or proteinuria | 21 mos | 25.1 | 16.9 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gardner et alb | Renal hospitalization | 21 mos | 9.4 | 3.5 | NA | 1.7 (.05–5.5) | 13% |
| Gupta et al | Doubling of creatinine | 5 years | 7.6 | 2.1 | 3.8 (0.8–19.6) | NA | NA |
| Jung et al | Persistent proteinuria | 12–15 mos | 28.6 | 12.1 | NS | NA | 17% |
| Krawczyk et al | Confirmed diagnosis of CKD | 4–5.1 yrs | 21.7 | 20.0 | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | NS | … |
| Kulkarni et al | Documented renal diagnosis | 6 yrs | 4.8 | 3.1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Lopes et al | Acute renal failure in ICU | Admission | 65.0 | 42.9 | NA | 3.4 (1.1–10.9) | NA |
| Lucas et al | Clinical or histologic HIVAN | 11,732 pyrs | 3.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 (1.2–3.4) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 10% |
| Malavaud et al | Nephrolithiasis (IDV) | … | 46.2 | 21.2 | NS | NA | … |
| Meraviglia et al | Renal colic (IDV) | 24 mos | 24.2 | 23.1 | NS | NA | … |
| Mocroft et al | Creatinine clearance < 60 | … | 3.5 | 4.7 | NA | NA | … |
| Padilla et al | Graded creatinine (TDF) | Median 48 wks | 2.0 | 2.8 | NS | NA | … |
| Reisler et al | Renal adverse event | Median 21 mos | 1.7 | 0.5 | NS | NA | NA |
| Shahinian et al | Biopsy diagnosis of HIVAN | … | NA | NA | NS | NA | … |
| Szczech et al | Proteinuria Doubling of creatinine |
5 yrs | 35.3 3.1 |
30.8 1.5 |
NA NA |
1.3 (1.2–1.4) * |
19% |
| Szczech et al | Time to ESRD | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.6 (1.3–5.4) | NA |
| Szczech et al | Microalbuminuria | … | 11.4 | 10.8 | NA | NA | … |
| Tedaldi et al | Documented kidney disease | 2.7–3.1 yrs | 6.0 | 3.1 | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 13% |
| Winston et al | Δ creatinine clearance (TDF) | NA | NA | NA | NS | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: IDV, indinavir, PI, protease inhibitor, TDF, tenofovir, ICU, intensive care unit, yrs, years, pyrs, patient years, …, not applicable, NA, not available, f/u, follow-up, CKD, chronic kidney disease, NS, no significant association
*
data available for subgroups