Table I. Sociodemographic characteristics by participation status on trial to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among pediatric cancer patients.
| Total (N = 153) |
Participants (n = 117) |
Non-Participants (n = 36) |
P-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Age | 8.4 (5.0) | 8.3 (5.0) | 8.8 (5.1) | 0.720 |
| Gender | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Male | 82 (54) | 61 (52) | 21 (58) | |
| Female | 71 (46) | 56 (48) | 15 (42) | 0.514 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 119 (78) | 90 (77) | 29 (81) | |
| Non-White | 34 (22) | 27 (23) | 7 (19) | 0.647 |
| Target parent characteristics | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |
| Age | 33.8 (8.7) | 33.7 (8.7) | 34.0 (8.8) | 0.921 |
| Gender | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Male | 20 (13) | 19 (16) | 1 (3) | |
| Female | 133 (87) | 98 (84) | 35 (97) | 0.045 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 125 (82) | 94 (80) | 31 (86) | |
| Non-White | 28 (18) | 23 (20) | 5 (14) | 0.434 |
| Education level | ||||
| Did not complete high school | 35 (23) | 25 (21) | 10 (28) | |
| Completed high school | 59 (39) | 46 (39) | 13 (36) | |
| Some college/technical degree | 46 (30) | 37 (32) | 9 (25) | |
| College degree or higher | 11 (7) | 8 (7) | 3 (8) | 0.564 |
| Unknown | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (3) | |
| Family characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Socio-economic status1 | ||||
| High | 36 (24) | 29 (25) | 7 (19) | |
| Medium | 34 (22) | 29 (25) | 5 (14) | |
| Low | 83 (54) | 59 (50) | 24 (67) | 0.172 |
| Primary caregiver martial status | ||||
| Married | 86 (56) | 63 (54) | 23 (64) | |
| Divorced/separated/never married/unknown | 67 (44) | 54 (46) | 13 (36) | 0.288 |
| Primary caregiver smoking status | ||||
| Smoker | 115 (75) | 82 (70) | 33 (92) | |
| Non-smoker | 38 (25) | 35 (30) | 3 (8) | 0.009 |
| Household density2 | ||||
| No siblings | 42 (27) | 30 (25) | 12 (33) | |
| 1 sibling | 57 (37) | 43 (37) | 14 (39) | |
| 2 or more siblings | 53 (35) | 44 (38) | 9 (25) | 0.177 |
| Unknown | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | |
| Distance home to hospital (miles)3 | ||||
| <35 miles | 21 (14) | 15 (13) | 6 (17) | |
| ≥35 miles and <300 miles | 57 (37) | 45 (38) | 12 (33) | |
| ≥300 miles | 75 (49) | 57 (49) | 18 (50) | 0.850 |
Hollingshead's Four Factor Index of Social Status [26]: High=Major business & professional, or medium business, minor professional, Medium=Skilled craftsman, clerical, sales workers, Low=Machine operators, semi-skilled workers, or unskilled laborers, menial service workers;
Number of siblings/cousins residing in household ≤18 years;
Groupings for distance determined by hospital transportation assistance policy, where 35 miles or more and less than 300 miles are eligible for bus, rail or mileage assistance, and 300 miles or more are eligible for air transportation assistance in addition to bus/rail/mileage assistance.
T-test was used for continuous variables, Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for nominal categorical variables, and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test was used for ordered category variables.