Table 4.

Rate ratios (95% confidence interval) for sickness absence for all causes after downsizing (adjusted for sickness absence before downsizing, age and sex, and separate work characteristics). In all cases the rate ratio for minor downsizing (n=231) was 1.00

Adjustment	Effect of downsizing on sickness absence
	Intermediate downsizing (n=391)	Major downsizing (n=143)
Baseline*	1.69 (1.24 to 2.26)	2.17 (1.54 to 3.07)
Baseline and physical demands†	1.58 (1.18 to 2.13)	1.84 (1.30 to 2.61)
Baseline and skill discretion†	1.58 (1.17 to 2.13)	2.03 (1.43 to 2.88)
Baseline and participation†	1.51 (1.12 to 2.05)	1.95 (1.37 to 2.77)
Baseline and job insecurity‡	1.66 (1.23 to 2.24)	2.08 (1.47 to 2.95)

^*Sickness absence before downsizing, age, and sex. 

^†Before and after downsizing. 

^‡After downsizing.