Table 2.

Parasite and Host Factors Associated with Treatment Failure.

Risk factor	Model not including AP		Model including AP
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Calendar time (per year)	2.9 (1.5–5.4)	0.001	1.5 (0.7–3.4)	0.3
Parasite SNPs
− dhfr/dhps, +/− pfmdr1	1.0	-	1.0	-
+ dhfr/dhps, − pfmdr1	2.8 (0.7–11.6)	0.16	3.1 (0.7–12.5)	0.12
+ dhfr/dhps, + pfmdr1	7.9 (1.8–35.3)	0.007	7.7 (1.8–33.5)	0.006
Parasite density > 100,000/μl	2.2 (0.9–5.5)	0.08	1.9 (0.7–4.8)	0.18
Living ≤ 50m from swamp	0.3 (0.1–0.8)	0.01	0.3 (0.1–0.8)	0.01
Age at enrollment (per 5 years)	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.15	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	0.3
AP observed in the last 180 days	-	-	0.06 (0.01–0.5)	0.006

NOTE. AP, asymptomatic parasitemia; HR, hazard ratio; + dhfr/dhps, dhfr 51I+59R+108N & dhps 437G+540E; + pfmdr1, pfmdr1 86N+184F.

Associations performed using Cox proportional hazards with inference accounting for repeated measures.