Table 4.
Genes Changed by Nano-Onion and Carbon Nanotubes but Fall in the Category of Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes (G1/S Transition of Mitotic Cell Cycle, Mitotic Cell Cycle, and Cell Growth of Maintenance)a
| gene category | gene symbol | gene name | fold change of gene expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fold Change of Gene Expression for Nano-Onion | |||
| cell proliferation | EXTL3 | exostoses (multiple)-like 3 | 0.44 |
| FGFR1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 2, Pfeiffer syndrome) | 1.72 | |
| NAB2 | NGFI-A binding protein 2 (EGR1 binding protein 2) | 0.43 | |
| cell cycle | DUSP1 | dual specificity phosphatase 1 | 0.17 |
| TRIM33 | tripartite motif-containing 33 | 1.60 | |
| HSF1 | heat shock transcription factor 1 | 0.52 | |
| BCAT1 | branched chain aminotransferase 1, cytosolic | 0.17 | |
| regulation of cell cycle | SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45) | 0.21 |
| MCL1 | myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related) | 0.19 | |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) oncogene homolog, avian) | 0.24 | |
| MAPK14 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 | 0.25 | |
| CRKL | v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian)-like | 0.20 | |
| cell cycle arrest | MACF1 | microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 | 1.81 |
| DST | dystonin | 0.40 | |
| cell differentiation | PDLIM7 | PDZ and LIM domain 7 (enigma) | 0.60 |
| BSG | basigin (OK blood group) | 0.44 | |
| NAPA | N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein alpha | 0.60 | |
| EGR1 | early growth response 1 | 0.39 | |
| Fold Change of Gene Expression for Nanotube | |||
| cell proliferation | FGFR1 | fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 2, Pfeiffer syndrome) | 1.72 |
| cell cycle | DUSP1 | dual specificity phosphatase 1 | 0.23 |
| BCAT1 | branched chain aminotransferase 1, cytosolic | 0.24 | |
| CDK2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | 0.58 | |
| regulation of cell cycle | SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (p45) | 0.18 |
| MCL1 | myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related) | 0.18 | |
| MAPK14 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 | 0.30 | |
| CRK | v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue (avian) | 0.53 | |
| SLC12A4 | solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride transporters), member 4 | 0.23 | |
| cell differentiation | PDLIM7 | PDZ and LIM domain 7 (enigma) | 0.62 |
| NAPA | N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein alpha | 0.62 | |
a
Fold change of gene expression is given for the low dose (0.6 μg/mL for MWCNO and 0.06 μg/mL for MWCNT). Fold changes represent the ratio of MRNA amount of treated samples divided by those of control samples.