Table 3.

 Effects of payment by results on growth in volume of care (change in percentage points)

Treatment group	Control group	Years	Growth in volume
			Change	No*
Foundation trusts	Non-foundation trusts	2003/4-2004/5	−0.25	82 816
Foundation trusts	Scotland	2003/4-2004/5	1.33†	20 431
Non-foundation trusts‡	Scotland‡	2004/5-2005/6	2.57†	51 249
Foundation trusts	Scotland	2003/4-2105/6	4.95†	21 598

*Number of observations in 1000s.

†Significant at P<0.01.

‡Elective only.