Table 1.
Subject Characteristics
| ADHD | ADHD+RD | RD | NC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 24 | n = 29 | n = 41 | n = 26 | ||||||
| (♀ = 4) | (♀ = 6) | (♀ = 18) | (♀ = 10) | Pairwise Comparisons | |||||
| Measure | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | p = 0.05 |
| Age in Years | 9.00 | (1.31) | 9.83 | (1.33) | 10.10 | (1.04) | 9.31 | (0.92) | NC,A<R |
| IQ | 101.21 | (15.02) | 95.34 | (8.64) | 104.85 | (9.18) | 107.32 | (9.40) | C<R,NC |
| Picture Arrangement | 10.04 | (3.30) | 10.21 | (1.95) | 11.61 | (2.51) | 10.38 | (1.96) | ns |
| Arithmetic | 9.75 | (3.62) | 8.89 | (2.58) | 10.28 | (2.99) | 12.38 | (2.81) | C,R,A<NC |
| Block Patterns | 9.83 | (2.76) | 8.82 | (2.73) | 11.56 | (2.46) | 11.00 | (2.46) | C<R,NC |
| Vocabulary | 11.21 | (2.87) | 8.86 | (2.62) | 9.95 | (2.65) | 12.08 | (2.22) | C,R<A,NC |
| DBD Parents | |||||||||
| Inattention | 18.33 | (4.50) | 17.59 | (3.63) | 7.22 | (4.60) | 1.88 | (2.12) | C,A>R>NC |
| H/I | 17.92 | (4.60) | 18.31 | (3.49) | 4.22 | (3.73) | 2.58 | (2.08) | C,A>R,NC |
| ODD | 9.08 | (4.67) | 8.55 | (4.05) | 2.83 | (2.55) | 1.85 | (2.24) | C,A>R,NC |
| CD | 1.67 | (2.68) | 1.70 | (1.79) | 0.67 | (0.06) | 0.10 | (0.30) | A>NC,C>R,NC |
| DBD Teacher | |||||||||
| Inattention | 17.13 | (4.91) | 17.14 | (3.68) | 5.43 | (4.67) | 1.54 | (1.90) | C,A>R>NC |
| H/I | 16.50 | (4.99) | 17.17 | (4.70) | 2.80 | (3.54) | 1.31 | (2.31) | C,A>R,NC |
| ODD | 6.73 | (5.11) | 7.00 | (4.56) | 1.42 | (2.43) | 0.92 | (1.69) | C,A>R,NC |
| CD | 1.95 | (2.69) | 2.08 | (1.88) | 0.26 | (0.59) | 0.04 | (0.20) | C,A>R,NC |
| CCC Pragmatic Score | |||||||||
| Parents | 139.65 | (10.40) | 138.72 | (10.03) | 151.61 | (7.35) | 154.92 | (6.20) | C,A<R,NC |
| Teacher | 137.91 | (10.22) | 138.11 | (12.20) | 150.77 | (7.04) | 152.96 | (8.45) | C,A<R,NC |
| PDISC-IV | |||||||||
| OCD | 0.67 | (2.01) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | A>C,R,NC |
| Tic Disorder | 1.25 | (2.87) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | A>C,R,NC |
| MD | 1.58 | (3.00) | 0.14 | (0.51) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | A>C,R,NC |
| Inattention | 15.92 | (2.16) | 16.00 | (2.44) | 5.02 | (3.29) | 1.00 | (2.20) | A,C>R>NC |
| H/I | 15.67 | (1.92) | 15.72 | (2.25) | 2.24 | (2.93) | 1.00 | (1.98) | A,C>R,NC |
| ODD | 6.92 | (4.96) | 4.83 | (4.52) | 0.49 | (1.71) | 0.38 | (0.98) | A,C>R,NC |
| CDRS | |||||||||
| Raw Score | 24.58 | (4.28) | 20.76 | (2.29) | 20.34 | (5.14) | 18.24 | (1.71) | A>C,R,NC |
| Reading | |||||||||
| OMTª | −0.75 | (10.36) | 23.14 | (8.95) | 25.90 | (9.09) | −8.12 | (15.09) | R,C>A,NC |
| TRTª | 3.08 | (6.50) | 22.97 | (9.54) | 25.51 | (9.86) | −1.12 | (5.92) | R,C>A,NC |
| PRTª | −3.67 | (13.93) | 23.97 | (11.41) | 26.54 | (12.00) | −8.62 | (18.33) | R,C>A,NC |
| Arithmetic | |||||||||
| SATª | 3.09 | (14.13) | 11.41 | (13.62) | 10.02 | (8.34) | −4.92 | (11.95) | C,R>NC |
| CSA | 52.33 | (32.22) | 33.38 | (20.46) | 55.85 | (31.56) | 52.88 | (23.54) | C<R |
A Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; C Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder+reading disorder; CCC Communication checklist for children; CD Conduct disorder; CDRS Children depression rating scale; CSA Cognitive subtests for arithmetic; DBD Disruptive behavior disorders rating scale; H/I Hyperactivity/impulsivity; IQ Intelligence quotient; MD Major depression; NC Normal controls; OCD Obsessive compulsive disorder; ODD Oppositional defiant disorder; OMT One minute test; PDISC Parent diagnostic interview scale for children; PRT Pseudoword reading test; R Reading disorder; RD Reading disorder; SAT Speeded arithmetic test; TRT Text reading test
ªMean Delay in Schoolmonths (a negative value indicates advance)