TABLE 2.

Epidemiology Study of Liver Cancers Associated with Arsenic Exposure in Humans

Exposure, location	Scope and endpoint	Result	References
Drinking water, Taiwan	Eighty-four villages 1968–1982 mortality	SMR 1.7 for men and 2.3 for women*	Chen et al., 1985
	Forty-two villages 1973–1986 mortality	All ages, dose-response for men*	Chen et al., 1988
	Forty-two villages 1973–1986 mortality	> 20 years, dose-response for both sex*	Wu et al., 1989
	Three hundred and fourteen townships 1972–1983 mortality	Association of As for liver cancer*	Chen and Wang, 1990
	Multistage model analysis	Liver cancer mortality, men > women*	Chen et al., 1992
	Above data analysis	Dose-response for liver cancer*	Morales et al., 2000
	Four towns 1971–1994 mortality versus Taiwan	SMR 1.98 for men and 2.14 for women*	Tsai et al., 1999
	1971–2000 mortality after end of exposure	Reduction of liver cancer in women*	Chiu et al., 2004
Drinking water, China	Inner Mongolia 1971–1993 mortality	Excess liver cancer mortality (rank #2)*	Luo et al., 1995
Drinking water, Bangladesh	65,800 residents, age-sex adj. mortality	Lifetime liver cancer mortality doubled*	Chen and Ahsan, 2004
Drinking water, Japan	Four hundred and fifty-four resident cohort, 1959–1992 mortality	Excess mortality from liver cancer*	Tsuda et al., 1995
Drinking water, Argentina	Twenty-six countries 1986–1991 mortality	A modest trend for liver cancer mortality	Hopenhayn-Rich et al., 1988
Burning arsenic coal, China	Guizhou, 1970–1980 mortality	Increased liver cancers*	Zhou et al., 2002

^*Significantly different from unexposed population, p < 0.05.