Table 2.
Attained WLZ scores of 886 infants born to HIV-infected Tanzanian mothers by maternal and infant characteristics
| N (%) | WLZ scores |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 montha | 24 monthsa | Change 0–24 monthsa | Adjusted difference in change 0–24 months [95% CI]b | ||
| Mother's age (years) | |||||
| <20 | 105 (12.0) | −1.2 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | Reference |
| 20–24 | 359 (40.5) | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | −0.5 [−1.0, 0.0] |
| 25–29 | 275 (31.0) | −0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | −0.4 [−0.9, 0.1] |
| ≥30 | 147 (16.6) | −0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.9 ± 0.1 | −0.2 ± 0.2 | −0.7 [−1.2, −0.1]c |
| Mother's level of schooling (years) | |||||
| None | 70 (7.9) | −1.3 ± 0.1 | −1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | Reference |
| <5 | 44 (5.0) | −0.8 ± 0.2 | −1.5 ± 0.4 | −0.6 ± 0.5 | −0.9 [−1.8, −0.1] |
| 5–9 | 679 (76.6) | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | −0.3 [−0.9, 0.3] |
| >9 | 93 (10.5) | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.2 [−0.3, 0.7]d |
| Mother is primiparous | |||||
| No | 581 (67.0) | −0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | Reference |
| Yes | 286 (33.0) | −1.0 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.4 [0.1, 0.7] |
| Mother's height (cm) | |||||
| ≥150 | 798 (90.1) | −0.7 ± 0.0 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | Reference |
| <150 | 88 (9.9) | −1.0 ± 0.2 | −0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 [−0.2, 0.5] |
| Mother's CD4 counts at first prenatal visit (cells mm−3) | |||||
| <200 | 103 (12.4) | −0.8 ± 0.1 | −1.0 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | Reference |
| 200–500 | 483 (57.9) | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | −0.1 [−0.5, 0.4] |
| >500 | 248 (29.7) | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.0 ± 0.1 | −0.1 [−0.6, 0.4]e |
| Infant sex | |||||
| Male | 450 (50.9) | −0.5 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.2 | −0.3 ± 0.2 | Reference |
| Female | 434 (49.1) | −0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 [−0.1, 0.5] |
| Gestational age at birth (week) | |||||
| ≥37 | 674 (76.1) | −0.6 ± 0.1 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | −0.1 ± 0.1 | Reference |
| <37 | 212 (23.9) | −1.1 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 [0.0, 0.7] |
| Infant birthweight (g) | |||||
| ≥2500 | 732 (88.9) | −0.6 ± 0.0 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | Reference |
| <2500 | 91 (11.1) | −2.7 ± 0.2 | −1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.6 [0.9, 2.2] |
aUnadjusted mean values and change ± SE were estimated from restricted cubic splines models.
bFrom restricted cubic splines regression models adjusted for education, maternal age, primiparity, height, and CD4 cell counts of the mother at baseline, and infant sex, age, low-birth weight and HIV status; 95% CI were calculated using robust variance estimates.
c p for trend <0.001.
dp for trend = 0.04.
ep for trend = 0.44.