Fig. 3.

Total wet mass of frass produced and nutrient reserves of MdBV-infected, starved or mock-infected P. includens fifth instars. (A) Wet mass of frass produced by larvae infected with virus at 12, 30 or 36 h compared with controls injected with Grace's medium only at 12 h (Mock). N=20 larvae per treatment. Bars with different letters are significantly different from one another (Tukey–Kramer HSD, P≤0.05). (B) Blood sugar amounts (trehalose+glucose) from larvae infected with MdBV at 12 h (Infected fed), larvae starved beginning at 12 h (Starved), or mock-infected control larvae injected with Grace's medium at 12 h (Control fed). Samples were collected at 36, 60 and 84 h. (C,D) Glycogen and lipid amounts for the same treatments as in B. All values are means ± s.e. with a minimum of three replicates per treatment and time point. Bars with different letters are significantly different (Tukey–Kramer HSD, P≤0.05).