Fig. 5.

In vitro release of ecdysteroids (means ± s.e.) by prothoracic glands from MdBV- or mock-infected P. includens fifth instars. For each treatment, larvae were injected with MdBV or Grace's medium only (Mock) at 30 h (A), 48 h (B) or 60 h (C). Prothoracic glands were then collected immediately after injection [30 h (A), 48 h (B), or 60 h (C)] or 24 h after injection [54 h (A), 72 h (B) or 84 h (C)] and bioassayed for basal ecdysteroid production. A minimum of five glands were bioassayed per time point and treatment. Bars with different letters are significantly different (Tukey–Kramer HSD, P≤0.05).