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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2009 Sep;10(9):944–952. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.005

Table 6.

Odds ratios for predictors of self-medicating pain with alcohol for arthritis pain.

	Step 1 Demographic variables	Step 2 + symptom variables	Step 3 + socioeconomic variables	Step 3 + heath behavior variables

	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Race/ethnicity
NH Whites	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hispanic	0.5 (0.3–0.6) ^***	0.5 (0.3–0.7) ^***	0.5 (0.3–0.7) ^***	0.5 (0.3–0.7) ^***
NH Blacks	0.3 (0.2–0.5) ^***	0.3 (0.2–0.5) ^***	0.3 (0.3–0.6) ^***	0.3 (0.3–0.6) ^***
Sex
Females	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Males	1.7 (1.3–2.3) ^***	1.7 (1.3–2.3) ^**	1.7 (1.3–2.3) ^**	1.7 (1.3–2.3) ^**
Age	0.9 (0.9–0.9)^***	0.9 (0.9–0.9)^***	0.9 (0.9–0.9)^***	0.9 (0.9–0.9)^***
Pain continuity		0.7 (0.5–0.9)^*	0.7 (0.5–0.9)^*	0.7 (0.5–0.9)^*
Pain frequency		1.1 (1.0–1.3)^*	1.1 (1.0–1.3)^*	1.1 (1.0–1.3)^*
Depression			1.2 (1.1–1.3) ^**	1.2 (1.1–1.3) ^**
Frustration			1.2 (1.0–1.4) ^*	1.2 (1.1–1.4) ^*
Marital status			1.2 (1.1–1.3) ^**	1.2 (1.1–1.3) ^**
Education			1.2 (1.1–1.3) ^*	1.1 (1.0–1.3)
Folk remedy				1.5 (1.2–2.3)^**

Note: Coefficients (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) are rounded to the nearest 0.1. Significance:

^*

p < .05,

^**

p< .01,

^***

p< .001.