TABLE 3.
Relationship between self-reported history of endodontic therapy (ET) and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD).*
| VARIABLE | RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED HISTORY OF ET AND CHD PREVALENCE (ODDS RATIOS [95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL]) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Model | Full Model | Final Model | |
| Variables (No.) | 2 | 39 | 20 |
| CHD Status (No.) | |||
| Participants with CHD | 395 | 326 | 339 |
| Participants without CHD | 6,256 | 5,053 | 5,264 |
|
Self-Reported History of ET and No. of Teeth (Odds Ratio [95% Confidence Interval]) |
|||
| 0 ET and ≥ 25 teeth | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 1 ET and ≥ 25 teeth | 1.04(0.68–1.58) | 1.35(0.81–2.25) | 1.37(0.83–2.26) |
| 2 ET and ≥ 25 teeth | 1.40 (0.98–2.02) | 1.62 (1.02–2.57)† | 1.62 (1.04–2.53)† |
| 0 ET and ≤ 24 teeth | 1.73 (1.28–2.34)† | 1.52 (1.00–2.29)† | 1.55 (1.05–2.30)† |
| 1 ET and ≤ 24 teeth | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) | 1.02 (0.60–1.72) | 1.04(0.62–1.73) |
| 2 ET and ≤ 24 teeth | 1.68 (1.19–2.39)† | 1.72 (1.09–2.72)† | 1.74(1.12–2.69)† |
| Age (in Years) | —‡ | 1.05(1.01–1.09)† | 1.04(1.02–1.07)† |
| Sex (Male Versus Female) | — | 2.88(2.07–3.99)† | 2.93 (2.16–3.96)† |
| Income (> $35,000 per Year) | — | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | — |
| Education (Some High School, High School | — | 0.82 (0.67–1.02) | 0.80 (0.66–0.97)† |
| Diploma, Bachelor’s or Graduate Degree) | |||
| Race, by Study Center Versus Jackson, Miss. | |||
| Forsyth County, N.C. | |||
| African American | — | 2.50 (0.98–6.39) | 2.20(0.90–5.38) |
| White | — | 1.59 (0.86–2.95) | 1.37(0.80–2.33) |
| Suburban Minneapolis | — | 1.47 (0.78–2.79) | 1.19(0.69–2.03) |
| Washington County, Md. | — | 1.30 (0.73–2.33) | 1.10(0.68–1.80) |
| Usual Source of Health Care | |||
| Private physician (yes/no) | — | 1.46 (0.97–2.21) | |
| Health maintenance organization (yes/no) | — | 1.04(0.76–1.44) | |
| Regular clinic (yes/no) | — | 1.05 (0.73–1.51) | |
| Hospital emergency department (yes/no) | — | 1.71 (1.24–2.37)† | |
| Walk-in clinic (yes/no) | — | 1.40 (0.86–2.28) | |
| Usual Medical Care Payment Mechanism | |||
| Health insurance (yes/no) | — | 1.28(0.75–2.17) | — |
| Medicare (yes/no) | — | 0.81 (0.52–1.24) | — |
| Medicaid (yes/no) | — | 1.45 (0.92–2.30) | — |
| Dental Health | |||
| Crowns (0 vs. ≥ 1) | — | 1.90 (1.33–2.73)† | 1.88 (1.33–2.64)† |
| Carious coronal surfaces (0 versus ≥ 1) | — | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) | 1.74(0.52–1.06) |
| Carious root surfaces (0 versus ≥ 1) | — | 0.87 (0.54–1.40) | — |
| Filled coronal surfaces (0 versus ≥ 1) | — | 0.85 (0.49–1.46) | — |
| Filled root surfaces (0 versus ≥ 1) | — | 1.00(0.75–1.32) | — |
| Extent of attachment loss ≥ 4 mm§ (0 versus ≥ 0) | — | 1.12 (0.75–1.66) | — |
| Extent of pocket depth ≥ 5 mm (0 versus ≥ 0) | — | 0.94(0.69–1.27) | — |
|
Factors Associated With Coronary Heart
Disease |
|||
| Aspirin use (yes/no) | 6.74(5.01–9.06)† | 6.55 (4.92–8.71)† | |
| Diabetes (yes/no) | — | 1.14(0.81–1.61) | — |
| Hypertension (yes/no) | — | 1.37(1.04–1.80)† | 1.30 (1.01–1.69)† |
| Use of cholesterol-lowering medications (yes/no) | — | 5.63 (4.28–7.39)† | 5.17 (4.00–6.69)† |
| Overweight (versus normal weight) | — | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | — |
| Obese (versus normal weight) | — | 0.56 (0.38–0.82)† | — |
| Pack-year smoking (> 0 to 20 versus 0) | — | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.92 (0.65–1.31) |
| Pack-year smoking (> 20 versus 0) | — | 1.61 (1.18–2.20)† | 1.73 (1.29–2.32)† |
| Low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≤ 39 versus ≥ 40 mg/dL¶) |
— | 1.55(1.15–2.08)† | 1.39 (1.07–1.82)† |
| High level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 130 versus ≤ 129 mg/dL) |
— | 1.08 (0.82–1.42) | — |
| High triglycerides (≥ 150 versus ≤ 149 mg/dL) | — | 0.82 (0.61–1.09) | — |
*
From multivariable logistic regression models.
†
P < .05.
‡
Dashes indicate data not applicable.
§
mm: Millimeters.
¶
mg/dL: Milligrams per deciliter.