Table 5.
Age- and SES-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight by physical activity and screen based sedentary behaviours, stratified by region, country, and gender
| Moderate to vigorous physical activity (1 hr for ≥ 5 days/week) |
Vigorous physical activity (≥ 2 hr/week) |
Television-viewing (≤ 2 hr/weekday) |
Electronic game use (≤ 2 hr/weekday) |
Computer use (≤ 2 hr/weekday) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls |
| Country | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) | OR† (95%CI) |
| Non-European countries | ||||||||||
| Canada | 0.70(0.57–0.86) | 0.75(0.61–0.93) | 0.81(0.65–1.00) | 0.95(0.76–1.19) | 0.73(0.61–0.88) | 0.81(0.63–1.03) | 0.82(0.66–1.01) | 0.78(0.57–1.07) | 0.87(0.70–1.07) | 0.98(0.78–1.23) |
| Israel¥ | 0.89(0.67–1.19) | 1.01(0.71–1.45) | 0.84(0.64–1.12) | 1.11(0.82–1.49) | 0.94(0.73–1.22) | 0.74(0.54–1.02) | 0.77(0.59–1.01) | 0.84(0.59–1.20) | 0.95(0.71–1.28) | 1.09(0.83–1.44) |
| US | 0.53(0.42–0.67) | 0.73(0.57–0.94) | 0.72(0.65–0.79) | 0.83(0.69–0.99) | 0.78(0.62–0.98) | 0.70(0.61–0.81) | 0.66(0.46–0.93) | 0.53(0.33–0.83) | 0.77(0.44–1.34) | 0.88(0.55–1.41) |
| Central-European countries | ||||||||||
| Austria | 0.70(0.54–0.90) | 0.59(0.41–0.86) | 0.83(0.63–1.08) | 1.05(0.78–1.42) | 0.65(0.51–0.84) | 0.67(0.49–0.93) | 0.65(0.50–0.85) | 0.59(0.39–0.90) | 0.76(0.55–1.04) | 0.66(0.44–1.01) |
| Belgium,Fl | 0.72(0.53–0.96) | 0.97(0.66–1.41) | 0.66(0.47–0.91) | 0.72(0.52–1.01) | 0.62(0.45–0.84) | 0.51(0.36–0.72) | 0.69(0.48–0.98) | 0.58(0.34–0.99) | 0.9(0.63–1.29) | 0.75(0.52–1.09) |
| Belgium,W¥ | 0.55(0.41–0.74) | 0.79(0.58–1.08) | 0.79(0.58–1.09) | 0.79(0.55–1.13) | 0.62(0.46–0.85) | 0.67(0.47–0.95) | 0.60(0.42–0.85) | 0.87(0.54–1.39) | 0.69(0.47–1.00) | 0.64(0.41–1.01) |
| France | 0.66(0.53–0.83) | 0.61(0.44–0.85) | 0.61(0.49–0.77) | 0.66(0.50–0.85) | 0.86(0.68–1.07) | 0.7(0.54–0.90) | 0.92(0.69–1.23) | 0.94(0.59–1.50) | 1.08(0.81–1.44) | 1.08(0.76–1.53) |
| Germany | 0.78(0.64–0.95) | 0.73(0.55–0.97) | 0.79(0.63–0.98) | 0.95(0.75–1.21) | 0.61(0.49–0.75) | 0.56(0.43–0.72) | 0.71(0.58–0.88) | 0.82(0.56–1.21) | 0.81(0.63–1.03) | 1.04(0.76–1.44) |
| Luxemburg | 0.65(0.48–0.89) | 0.56(0.36–0.89) | 0.73(0.54–0.98) | 0.64(0.42–0.97) | 0.73(0.56–0.94) | 0.72(0.49–1.04) | 1.01(0.71–1.42) | 0.51(0.34–0.76) | 0.68(0.47–0.97) | 0.62(0.45–0.87) |
| Netherlands | 0.51(0.36–0.73) | 0.54(0.38–0.75) | 0.5(0.34–0.73) | 0.65(0.47–0.91) | 0.85(0.60–1.21) | 0.71(0.51–0.98) | 0.65(0.47–0.90) | 0.56(0.33–0.94) | 0.87(0.62–1.20) | 0.78(0.54–1.12) |
| Switzerland | 0.57(0.42–0.77) | 0.69(0.45–1.05) | 0.64(0.46–0.89) | 0.85(0.58–1.24) | 0.6(0.44–0.81) | 0.72(0.45–1.13) | 0.69(0.46–1.05) | 0.39(0.20–0.77) | 0.56(0.39–0.81) | 1.37(0.68–2.78) |
| Southern-European countries | ||||||||||
| Croatia | 0.68(0.55–0.84) | 0.59(0.43–0.80) | 0.83(0.68–1.01) | 1.00(0.73–1.36) | 0.87(0.70–1.08) | 0.90(0.70–1.14) | 0.99(0.77–1.28) | 0.88(0.49–1.58) | 0.92(0.68–1.26) | 1.2(0.73–1.98) |
| Greece | 0.78(0.61–0.99) | 0.51(0.35–0.73) | 0.770.6–0.99 | 0.80(0.60–1.08) | 0.89(0.69–1.14) | 0.76(0.56–1.02) | 1.16(0.90–1.49) | 1(0.55–1.84) | 1.28(0.84–1.97) | 0.63(0.32–1.24) |
| Italy | 0.83(0.67–1.04) | 0.77(0.55–1.07) | 0.87(0.68–1.10) | 0.86(0.63–1.17) | 0.96(0.77–1.20) | 0.780.57–1.07) | 1.09(0.81–1.46) | 0.86(0.41–1.83) | 1.17(0.81–1.70) | 1.17(0.67–2.05) |
| Macedonia | 0.67(0.54–0.83) | 0.88(0.67–1.16) | 1.14(0.92–1.42) | 1.05(0.77–1.44) | 0.82(0.66–1.02) | 0.73(0.56–0.95) | 0.82(0.66–1.02) | 0.94(0.63–1.40) | 0.66(0.51–0.86) | 1.04(0.65–1.67) |
| Malta¥# | 0.58(0.36–0.92) | 0.66(0.43–1.02) | 0.82(0.53–1.26) | 1.14(0.73–1.76) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 0.90(0.57–1.43) | 0.54(0.37–0.81) |
| Portugal | 0.6(0.46–0.78) | 0.92(0.65–1.31) | n.a. | n.a. | 1.17(0.92–1.49) | 0.94(0.73–1.22) | 0.91(0.70–1.18) | 0.78(0.55–1.10) | 0.93(0.68–1.28) | 0.96(0.69–1.34) |
| Slovenia | 0.54(0.43–0.68) | 0.81(0.61–1.09) | 0.59(0.48–0.72) | 0.62(0.48–0.81) | 0.93(0.76–1.14) | 0.74(0.56–0.99) | 0.88(0.68–1.14) | 1.24(0.68–2.27) | 1.12(0.84–1.50) | 0.97(0.70–1.33) |
| Spain | 0.68(0.58–0.80) | 0.82(0.67–1.00) | 0.79(0.67–0.94) | 0.84(0.67–1.05) | 1.03(0.85–1.23) | 0.87(0.70–1.08) | 1.02(0.83–1.27) | 0.82(0.55–1.22) | 0.94(0.71–1.23) | 0.74(0.54–1.00) |
| Turkey | 1.04(0.83–1.31) | 1.01(0.72–1.43) | 0.84(0.65–1.07) | 1.14(0.77–1.68) | 0.98(0.78–1.23) | 1.17(0.77–1.78) | 0.9(0.68–1.19) | 0.76(0.45–1.28) | 1.04(0.75–1.45) | 1.25(0.72–2.15) |
| Eastern-European countries | ||||||||||
| Bulgaria | 0.81(0.66–1.00) | 0.97(0.69–1.35) | 0.88(0.71–1.08) | 0.99(0.68–1.43) | 0.83(0.66–1.03) | 1.1(0.79–1.53) | 0.99(0.78–1.25) | 0.81(0.54–1.22) | 1.04(0.82–1.32) | 1.02(0.71–1.46) |
| Czech Rep. | 0.63(0.51–0.79) | 0.96(0.75–1.22) | 0.84(0.66–1.07) | 1(0.76–1.32) | 0.87(0.69–1.09) | 1.12(0.86–1.46) | 0.79(0.62–1.00) | 1.52(0.88–2.65) | 0.88(0.66–1.18) | 1.05(0.70–1.57) |
| Hungary | 0.68(0.55–0.84) | 0.59(0.43–0.80) | 0.83(0.68–1.01) | 1(0.73–1.36) | 0.87(0.70–1.08) | 0.9(0.70–1.14) | 0.99(0.77–1.28) | 0.88(0.49–1.58) | 0.92(0.68–1.26) | 1.20(0.73–1.98) |
| Poland | 0.60(0.47–0.76) | 0.77(0.55–1.07) | 0.87(0.69–1.11) | 0.91(0.67–1.25) | 0.93(0.73–1.18) | 0.76(0.57–1.02) | 0.96(0.75–1.22) | 1.02(0.61–1.68) | 0.86(0.66–1.12) | 0.88(0.60–1.30) |
| Romania | 1.04(0.81–1.34) | 0.69(0.46–1.05) | 1.03(0.79–1.34) | 0.76(0.52–1.10) | 0.85(0.65–1.10) | 0.93(0.70–1.22) | 0.87(0.67–1.15) | 0.94(0.64–1.37) | 0.82(0.60–1.11) | 0.74(0.49–1.14) |
| Russia | 0.84(0.67–1.06) | 0.89(0.66–1.21) | 0.98(0.79–1.21) | 0.96(0.70–1.31) | 0.88(0.71–1.09) | 0.89(0.68–1.16) | 0.97(0.77–1.22) | 0.73(0.50–1.07) | 0.67(0.50–0.90) | 0.88(0.55–1.40) |
| Slovakia# | 0.59(0.43–0.80) | 0.57(0.38–0.85) | 0.71(0.51–0.99) | 0.74(0.50–1.09) | 0.89(0.65–1.21) | 0.91(0.62–1.36) | 1.02(0.74–1.41) | 0.88(0.47–1.64) | 0.87(0.57–1.31) | 1.09(0.57–2.09) |
| Ukraine | 0.67(0.49–0.91) | 0.64(0.42–0.97) | 0.94(0.71–1.26) | 0.63(0.41–0.97) | 0.76(0.58–1.00) | 0.60(0.40–0.89) | 0.91(0.65–1.27) | 1.03(0.52–2.03) | 0.86(0.57–1.28) | 0.9(0.36–2.20) |
| Northern-European countries | ||||||||||
| Denmark | 0.60(0.45–0.81) | 0.74(0.54–1.02) | 0.59(0.42–0.82) | 0.73(0.54–0.98) | 0.96(0.73–1.26) | 0.78(0.57–1.06) | 0.69(0.52–0.91) | 0.91(0.57–1.46) | 0.75(0.55–1.03) | 0.75(0.51–1.09) |
| England¥ | 0.49(0.34–0.71) | 1.14(0.69–1.90) | 0.94(0.63–1.40) | 1.07(0.70–1.64) | 0.77(0.51–1.16) | 0.91(0.53–1.58) | 0.66(0.43–1.02) | 0.54(0.23–1.24) | 0.62(0.41–0.94) | 0.82(0.50–1.33) |
| Estonia | 0.61(0.46–0.82) | 0.58(0.38–0.87) | 0.81(0.60–1.08) | 0.78(0.56–1.09) | 0.81(0.60–1.10) | 0.81(0.57–1.14) | 0.71(0.54–0.93) | 0.79(0.51–1.22) | 1.08(0.80–1.45) | 0.90(0.61–1.34) |
| Finland | 0.69(0.54–0.89) | 0.86(0.66–1.13) | 0.73(0.58–0.93) | 0.68(0.54–0.87) | 0.55(0.44–0.69) | 0.69(0.54–0.89) | 0.80(0.62–1.02) | 0.53(0.35–0.81) | 0.69(0.52–0.92) | 0.81(0.60–1.09) |
| Greenland¥ | 0.78(0.61–0.99) | 0.51(0.35–0.73) | 0.77(0.60–0.99) | 0.8(0.60–1.08) | 0.89(0.69–1.14) | 0.76(0.56–1.02) | 1.16(0.90–1.49) | 1.00(0.55–1.84) | 1.28(0.84–1.97) | 0.63(0.32–1.24) |
| Iceland | 0.50(0.42–0.61) | 0.81(0.65–1.02) | 0.59(0.51–0.70) | 0.77(0.63–0.95) | 0.61(0.52–0.73) | 0.59(0.48–0.72) | 0.70(0.59–0.83) | 0.90(0.52–1.57) | 0.85(0.71–1.01) | 0.83(0.65–1.05) |
| Ireland¥ | 0.68(0.45–1.03) | 0.71(0.40–1.25) | 0.65(0.44–0.98) | 0.98(0.61–1.56) | 0.97(0.66–1.42) | 1.01(0.63–1.62) | 0.79(0.44–1.42) | 0.19(0.06–0.59) | 1.72(0.60–4.96) | 1.09(0.37–3.24) |
| Latvia | 0.58(0.41–0.82) | 1.14(0.77–1.68) | 0.90(0.65–1.25) | 1.15(0.76–1.75) | 1.06(0.76–1.47) | 0.64(0.42–0.97) | 0.91(0.64–1.31) | 1.39(0.64–2.98) | 1.11(0.77–1.62) | 0.87(0.57–1.33) |
| Lithuania¥ | 0.75(0.56–1.02) | 0.87(0.53–1.41) | 1.30(0.98–1.73) | 0.9(0.57–1.43) | 0.85(0.63–1.14) | 0.68(0.44–1.07) | 1.11(0.81–1.51) | 1.27(0.51–3.18) | 1.05(0.66–1.67) | 1.28(0.54–3.05 |
| Norway¥ | 0.68(0.50–0.92) | 0.69(0.47–1.00) | 0.53(0.39–0.71) | 0.62(0.44–0.87) | 0.55(0.41–0.74) | 0.64(0.43–0.93) | 0.8(0.58–1.12) | 0.38(0.22–0.65) | 0.80(0.55–1.17) | 0.93(0.61–1.40) |
| Scotland¥ | 0.67(0.48–0.93) | 0.72(0.49–1.06) | 0.74(0.54–1.01) | 1.16(0.79–1.70) | 0.77(0.56–1.06) | 0.91(0.62–1.33) | 0.86(0.60–1.23) | 1.19(0.65–2.17) | 0.79(0.54–1.13) | 1.31(0.86–1.98) |
| Sweden | 0.60(0.44–0.83) | 0.62(0.43–0.91) | 0.79(0.60–1.03) | 0.77(0.56–1.05) | 0.69(0.52–0.91) | 0.66(0.47–0.92) | 0.80(0.58–1.10) | 0.54(0.32–0.94) | 1.07(0.79–1.46) | 1.51(1.00–2.28) |
| Wales¥ | 0.55(0.42–0.73) | 0.62(0.44–0.86) | 0.79(0.60–1.04) | 0.75(0.55–1.02) | 0.89(0.69–1.15) | 0.84(0.63–1.13) | 1.03(0.73–1.45) | 0.92(0.59–1.46) | 0.81(0.60–1.11) | 0.75(0.55–1.02) |
¥
≤ 80% children reported data on age, height, or weight to allow for estimation of body mass index and characterizing overweight status
†
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI); OR in bold are significant (P<0.05) n.a. data not available
#
School variable was not available as a consequence the clustering in schools was not taken into account for these countries