Table 4.

Results of multivariate regression analyses^a, testing associations between potential quality markers and family QODD-22 scores and the single item QODD-1

	Nb (340)	β (SE)	QODD-22c Z	p	95% CI	Nb (335)	β (SE)	QODD-1d Z	p	95% CI
Patient and family centered decision making
Presence of living will	222	0.107 (0.155)	0.689	<0.50	-0.197, 0.411	217	0.286 (0.162)	1.765	<0.08	-0.032, 0.604
Documentation of DPOAHC	175	0.234 (0.180)	1.300	<0.20	-0.119, 0.588	172	0.220 (0.192)	1.147	<0.26	-0.156, 0.596
Family present at death	257	0.496 (0.164)	3.016	<0.003	0.174, 0.818	258	0.418 (0.171)	2.439	<0.02	0.082, 0.753
Patient’s opinions documented	271	0.199 (0.132)	1.509	<0.14	-0.059, 0.458	269	0.288 (0.138)	2.086	<0.04	0.017, 0.558
Patient’s wish to withdraw life support documented	271	0.478 (0.186)	2.574	<0.02	0.114, 0.841	269	0.440 (0.202)	2.186	<0.03	0.046, 0.835
Communication within the team and with patients and families
Documentation of a family conference occurring in the first or last 72 hours	271	-0.088 (0.297)	-0.297	<0.77	-0.669, 0.493	269	0.596 (0.317)	1.878	<0.07	-0.026, 1.218
Documentation of discord Between Family and MD	271	-0.389 (0.349)	-1.114	<0.27	-1.073, 0.295	269	0.204 (0.329)	0.621	<0.54	-0.440, 0.849
Symptom management and comfort care
Pain assessment recorded in the last 24 hours	277	0.450 (0.213)	2.108	<0.04	0.032, 0.868	275	0.428 (0.249)	1.721	<0.09	-0.059, 0.916
CPR performed in the last hour	271	-0.538 (0.225)	-2.394	<0.02	-0.978, -0.097	268	-0.455 (0.269)	-1.689	<0.10	-0.983, 0.073
Comfort care orders in place, or all orders discontinued	276	0.117 (0.134)	0.878	<0.38	-0.144, 0.379	274	0.402 (0.138)	2.912	<0.01	0.131, 0.672
Patient died in the setting of full support	276	-0.104 (0.148)	-0.706	<0.49	-0.394, 0.185	274	-0.395 (0.163)	-2.428	<0.02	-0.714, -0.076
Tube feeding orders withdrawn in the last 5 days	94	0.509 (0.268)	1.901	<0.06	-0.016, 1.033	93	0.520 (0.267)	1.951	<0.06	-0.002, 1.043
Intravenous fluids withdrawn in the last 5 days	214	-0.037 (0.158)	-0.232	<0.82	-0.346, 0.272	214	0.333 (0.168)	1.983	<0.05	0.004, 0.661
Vasopressors withdrawn in the last 5 days	156	0.254 (0.184)	1.379	<0.17	-0.107, 0.616	156	0.310 (0.175)	1.771	<0.08	-0.033, 0.653
Mechanical Ventilation withdrawn in the last 5 days	222	0.058 (0.150)	0.389	<0.70	-0.236, 0.353	225	0.295 (0.156)	1.895	<0.06	-0.010, 0.600

^aEach quality marker was tested separately, with simultaneous adjustment for race/ethnicity of patient, gender of patient and family member, age of patient and family member, hospital length of stay, and discharge service (three indicator variables designating general surgery, surgical subspecialty, and neurology/neurosurgery).

^bdeviations from the total N reflect missing data for the predictor

^cQODD-22 was recoded into 10 categories (0-15, 15-25, 25-35, 35-45, 45-55, 55-65, 65-75, 75-85, 85-95, 95-100) and modeled as an ordinal categorical outcome, using a mean- and variance-adjusted weighted least squares estimator.

^dQODD-1 was recoded into 10 categories (0-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and modeled as an ordinal categorical outcome, using a mean- and variance-adjusted weighted least squares estimator.