Table 1.

Echocardiographic analysis of study groups

Parameter	Control	TNF	TNF+ APO	TNF+ Temp
IVSD (mm)	1.32 ± 0.04	1.71 ± 0.04*	1.56 ± 0.03	1.42 ± 0.02‡
IVSS (mm)	2.69 ± 0.13	2.67 ± 0.14	2.68 ± 0.05	2.56 ± 0.03
LVD (mm)	6.51 ± 0.07	7.72 ± 0.11*	7.34 ± 0.10	6.85 ± 0.04‡,§
LVS (mm)	2.92 ± 0.16	4.67 ± 0.06*	4.12 ± 0.01†	3.37 ± 0.08‡,§
PWD(mm)	1.41 ± 0.02	1.71 ± 0.03*	1.50 ± 0.03†	1.45 ± 0.01‡
PWS (mm)	2.53 ± 0.09	2.58 ± 0.09	2.44 ± 0.14	2.54 ± 0.14
FS%	55.19 ± 2.42	34.20 ± 1.31*	40.86 ± 0.76†	50.79 ± 1.12‡
HR	352.25 ± 13.70	342.20 ± 14.73	350.40 ± 15.3	357.0 ± 14.8
Tei	0.37 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.02*	0.49 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.02‡,§

Echocardiographic analysis revealed significantly greater left ventricular diastolic (LVD) and systolic (LVS) dimensions in TNF-treated animals. TNF treatment also decreased fractional shortening (FS%) and increased Tei index. Cotreatment with Tempol prevented these changes. IVSD, intraventricular septal thickness at end diastole; IVSS, intraventricular septal thickness at end systole; PWD, posterior wall thickness at end diastole; PWS, posterior wall thickness at end systole; HR, heart rate. Values are expressed as means ± SEM.

^*p< 0.05, control vs TNF.

^†p< 0.05, TNF vs TNF+ APO.

^‡p< 0.05, TNF vs TNF+ Temp.

^§p< 0.05, TNF+ APO vs TNF+ Temp.