Figure 6.

Ethyl pyruvate inhibits LPS-induced IL-12 p40 and NO production in murine macrophages. BM-derived murine macrophages were incubated with 10 mM ethyl pyruvate for 1 h prior to activation with 100 ng/ml LPS. (A) Cells were harvested at 4 h for mRNA, and real-time RT-PCR assay for IL-12 p40 was performed using GAPDH as an internal control. Real-time RT-PCR was performed in duplicate and repeated three times (mean±sd). Fold induction is compared with values in vehicle/media samples (=1). Supernatants were harvested at 24 h and assayed for IL-12 p40 (A, right panel), NO (B, left panel), and IL-10 (B, right panel). Experiments were performed in duplicate and repeated three times. A representative result is shown (mean±sd). **, P < 0.01, compared with LPS-stimulated samples without ethyl pyruvate.