Table 2.

Risks of gestational hypertension with and without pre-eclampsia according to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure status, Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, 1998-2007 ^*

Perinatal outcomes	Number of cases (%)	Crude relative risk (95% confidence interval)	Adjusted relative risk † (95% confidence interval)
Any gestational hypertension
Pre-pregnancy SSRI use
Non-users	500 (9.0)	Reference	Reference
Users	38 (19.1)	2.29 (1.64, 3.18)	1.90 (1.35, 2.67)
Discontinuers	14 (13.1)	1.44 (0.85, 2.45)	1.33 (0.78, 2.27)
Continuers	24 (26.1)	3.47 (2.30, 5.23)	2.49 (1.62, 3.83)
Preeclampsia
Pre-pregnancy SSRI use
Non-users	135 (2.4)	Reference	Reference
Users	18 (9.0)	3.91 (2.39, 6.39)	3.16 (1.89, 5.29)
Discontinuers	4 (3.7)	1.51 (0.56, 4.08)	1.37 (0.50, 3.76)
Continuers	14 (15.2)	7.16 (4.13, 12.43)	4.86 (2.70, 8.76)
Gestational hypertension without preeclampsia
Pre-pregnancy SSRI use
Non-users	365 (6.6)	Reference	Reference
Users	20 (10.0)	1.61 (1.03, 2.53)	1.36 (0.85, 2.15)
Discontinuers	10 (9.4)	1.41 (0.75, 2.64)	1.30 (0.69, 2.46)
Continuers	10 (10.9)	1.88 (1.00, 3.53)	1.41 (0.74, 2.69)

^*Non-users (N=5,532) were women who were not exposed to SSRIs from two months before pregnancy through delivery; Discontinuers (N=107) were women who used SSRIs two months before pregnancy, but stopped taking them by the end of the first trimester; Continuers (N=92) were women who used SSRIs two months before pregnancy, and continued to use them after the first trimester

^†Adjusted for region, maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, family income, age at menarche, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, pre-pregnancy body mass index, use of non-SSRI antidepressants, number of fetuses, gravidity, and history of fertility treatment. See Table 1 for all potential confounders considered