Table 2.

Selected clinical features of LUMINA patients according to type of disease onset

	Acute onset lupus
Variable	Yes, n = 94	No, n = 537	p Value
Total disease duration (TD–TL), mean (SD)	5.7 (4.0)	5.4 (3.6)	0.521
ACR criteria number at diagnosis, mean (SD)	6.0 (1.3)	5.4 (1.3)	<0.001
SLAM-R at T0, mean (SD)	11.5 (6.5)	9.1 (5.6)	0.001
SLAM-R, weighted average (SD)	9.8 (5.9)	7.6 (4.4)	0.001
SDI at T0, mean (SD)	0.9 (1.3)	0.7 (1.6)	0.252
SDI at TL, mean (SD)	2.2 (2.2)	1.7 (2.2)	0.039
Clinical manifestations:
Skin involvement, %	90.4	95.1	0.067
Musculoskeletal, %	94.7	98.1	0.044
Cardiopulmonary involvement, %	76.6	56.1	<0.001
Neurological involvement, %	81.9	80.5	0.747
Renal involvement, %	71.3	48.8	<0.001
Haematological involvement, %	91.5	78.6	0.004
Deceased, %	17.0	11.1	0.101

ACR, American College of Rheumatology; LUMINA, lupus in minorities, nature vs nurture; SLAM-R, Systemic Lupus Activity Measure – Revised; SLI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index; Tn, timepoint n (D, time of diagnosis; L, last follow-up).