Table 2.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regressions of daily smoking on race, ethnicity, gender, background, and lifestyle determinants
| Independent variablesa | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black male | .444 | .417–.472 | .358 | .336–.382 | .380 | .354–.406 |
| Hispanic male | .624 | .580–.671 | .497 | .461–.536 | .516 | .476–.558 |
| Other male | .930* | .876–.988 | .879 | .827–.934 | .891 | .833–.953 |
| White female | 1.161 | 1.136–1.187 | 1.141 | 1.117–1.167 | 1.503 | 1.468–1.540 |
| Black female | .333 | .315–.353 | .261 | .247–.277 | .424 | .399–.452 |
| Hispanic female | .478 | .444–.515 | .372 | .345–.402 | .535 | .493–.580 |
| Other female | .919 | .863–.978 | .854 | .801–.910 | 1.205 | 1.126–1.289 |
| Parents’ education | .927 | .923–.931 | .978 | .973–.982 | ||
| Size of community | 1.014 | 1.007–1.022 | .986 | .978–.995 | ||
| Lives with both parents (does not reference) | .664 | .649–.680 | .781 | .762–.801 | ||
| Academic performance | .608 | .601–.615 | ||||
| Own income | 1.064 | 1.061–.1.067 | ||||
| Religiosity | .721 | .713–.729 | ||||
| Frequency goes out | 1.367 | 1.355–1.379 | ||||
| Pseudo R2b | .021 | .032 | .126 |
Source: Monitoring the Future 12th graders 1976–2004, N = 331,696 (estimates weighted for sample design with STATA 8.0)
a
Controls for year dummy variables are included, but the coefficients are not presented
b
Pseudo R2 = (log likelihood − baseline log likelihood)/baseline log likelihood
*
P < .01; for all other coefficients, P < .001