Immunostaining for SMα-actin (a and d), SM2 (b and e), and SMemb (c and f) in injured arteries. a, b and c: control group; d, e and f: DHEAS group. The positive expressions of each marker are stained in black. Arrow-heads indicate EEL. g, Western analyses for SMα-actin (42 kD), calponin (34 kD), meta-vinculin (150 kD), and vinculin (130 kD) in the control group and the DHEAS group with or without balloon injury. Immunoblots are shown with densitometrical analysis. * and **, P<0.0001 and NS vs. (DHEAS: -, Carotid Injury: -).