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Effects of iNOS inhibitor or NF-κB inhibitor on TNF-α production in macrophages induced by T. vaginalis. Pretreatment of human macrophages (THP-1 or HMDM) with L-NMMA or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC or Bay11-7082) showed significant reduction of trichomonad-induced TNF-α production in THP-1 (A) and HMDM (B). Protein levels of TNF-α were measured by ELISA. *P < 0.05 versus untreated macrophages. †P < 0.05 versus T. vaginalis-stimulated macrophages.
