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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;88(6):1584–1592. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26098.

TABLE 2.

Food patterns showing intake of food groups (g/d) across the 3 clusters among 348 adult men participating in the Nutrition for Healthy Living Study

Pairwise P5
Cluster 1
(n = 119)1 		Cluster 2
(n = 115)2 		Cluster 3
(n = 114)3 		Global P4 Cluster 1 compared
with cluster 2		 Cluster 1 compared with
cluster 3		 Cluster 2 compared with
cluster 3
High-fat dairy 211.1 ± 263.5 190.9 ± 192.2 149.4 ± 254.9 0.14 — — —
Reduced-fat dairy 67.3 ± 131.1 11.7 ± 47.36 166.8 ± 230.37 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 178>
High-fat dairy desserts 36.9 ± 65.4 17.8 ± 59.56 39.7 ± 82.87 0.04 — — —
Low-fat dairy desserts 6.0 ± 21.0 1.7 ± 11.7 5.0 ± 20.2 0.18 — — —
Margarine 2.4 ± 5.3 1.8 ± 5.0 3.1 ± 7.5 0.28 — —
Vegetable oils 16.6 ± 18.9 4.6 ± 10.26 19.0 ± 24.57 <0.001 <0.001 — <0.001
Miscellaneous fats 7.7 ± 17.1 3.6 ± 16.0 7.4 ± 18.3 0.13 — — —
Fruits 109.4 ± 117.5 24.5 ± 62.96 152.9 ± 143.17 <0.001 <0.001 0.011 <0.001
Fruit juices 182.3 ± 202.97 107.1 ± 165.26 116.0 ± 172.9 <0.001 0.002 0.008 —
Fruit drinks 118.1 ± 193.4 156.7 ± 237.67 77.3 ± 181.46 <0.001 — — 0.005
Vegetables 163.5 ± 113.8 67.5 ± 90.76 196.4 ± 136.87 <0.001 <0.001 — <0.001
Potatoes 60.7 ± 57.17 35.6 ± 52.06 46.7 ± 56.2 <0.001 <0.001 — —
Starchy vegetables 17.5 ± 33.1 9.0 ± 25.0 14.0 ± 31.7 0.10 — — —
Beans and legumes 26.6 ± 54.6 19.2 ± 47.8 29.5 ± 59.1 0.33 — — —
Eggs 32.5 ± 39.1 35.3 ± 43.8 32.7 ± 42.6 0.85 — — —
Poultry 69.8 ± 77.1 44.6 ± 57.16 81.6 ± 71.27 <0.001 0.005 — <0.001
Meat 113.3 ± 109.1 107.4 ± 106.8 86.4 ± 98.7 0.13 — — —
Processed meat 33.7 ± 40.0 33.2 ± 41.7 31.4 ± 45.6 0.92 — — —
Seafood 44.3 ± 54.4 24.6 ± 49.86 56.0 ± 69.07 <0.001 0.004 — 0.007
Sweet baked goods, full fat 54.4 ± 61.47 26.4 ± 40.56 41.8 ± 51.7 <0.001 <0.001 — 0.005
Sweet baked goods, reduced fat 1.4 ± 5.9 0.3 ± 3.5 1.0 ± 5.7 0.27 — — —
Low-fiber cereals 9.9 ± 22.6 6.1 ± 15.16 16.4 ± 37.17 0.01 — — —
High-fiber cereals 8.4 ± 20.8 5.7 ± 16.66 14.2 ± 27.67 0.01 — — —
White bread, refined grains 72.0 ± 57.0 72.4 ± 66.8 61.7 ± 63.8 0.34 — — —
Rice, pasta, mixed rice pasta 100.5 ± 106.3 100.7 ± 116.3 87.5 ± 102.0 0.57 — — —
Nonwhite breads 22.7 ± 33.7 5.9 ± 17.86 26.4 ± 39.37 <0.001 <0.001 — <0.001
Whole grains 23.9 ± 60.0 18.3 ± 62.76 49.3 ± 103.27 0.01 — — 0.006
Salty snacks 9.1 ± 16.8 5.2 ± 12.0 9.2 ± 18.5 0.10 — — —
Nondiet soda 349.4 ± 280.37 242.8 ± 280.6 5.1 ± 25.36 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 <0.001
Alcohol 95.4 ± 188.37 44.7 ± 162.66 57.2 ± 128.9 0.05 — — —
Nuts and seeds 8.9 ± 19.5 4.1 ± 14.76 12.1 ± 24.47 0.01 — — 0.003
Pizza 25.9 ± 51.2 27.2 ± 52.1 14.4 ± 41.8 0.09 — — —
Miscellaneous sugary foods 25.2 ± 30.6 23.4 ± 41.0 18.3 ± 28.1 0.27 — — —
Chocolate 7.3 ± 19.2 2.9 ± 10.4 6.9 ± 17.5 0.07 — — —
Soups, broth or bouillon 56.2 ± 98.4 34.3 ± 90.3 48.5 ± 90.1 0.19 — — —
Chowders, cream-based soups 11.9 ± 40.3 3.3 ± 19.4 9.8 ± 35.0 0.12 — — —
Fast food 39.3 ± 87.76 137.0 ± 174.17 65.5 ± 129.6 <0.001 <0.001 — <0.001
Coffee 233.9 ± 289.1 202.2 ± 259.3 287.4 ± 324.8 0.08 — — —
Tea 122.1 ± 199.6 66.8 ± 155.0 90.0 ± 199.1 0.07 — — —
Diet beverages 15.3 ± 80.06 45.4 ± 190.9 202.3 ± 369.67 <0.001 — 0.002 <0.001
Water 85.7 ± 238.5 35.1 ± 145.96 227.4 ± 420.47 <0.001 — 0.002 <0.001
1

Food pattern of juice and soda.

2

>Food pattern of fast food and fruit drinks.

3

Food pattern of fruit, vegetables, and low-fat dairy.

4

Determined by ANOVA.

5

Determined by t test (significant values P < 0.017, Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons).

6

Food or food group contributed the relatively lowest mean intake across the 3 clusters.

7

Food or food group contributed the relatively highest mean intake across the 3 clusters.