Expression analyses of the transgenic hairy roots overexpressing AtPAP15. A, GUS histochemical staining of HN66 hairy roots 2 weeks after infection. B, PCR analysis of hairy root DNA using the primers to amplify a 300-bp fragment of the AtPAP15 gene. M, Marker; P, positive control, the AtPAP15 plasmid as template; N, negative control, soybean hairy roots transformed with K599 strain only as templates; CK, soybean hairy roots transformed with the control vector pCAMBIA3301; 1 to 6, individual lines transformed with the binary vector pCAMBIA3301-sp-AtPAP15-GUS.