Table 1.
Review of published case-control candidate gene associations studies of PTSD
| First author | Year | Cases N (% male) |
Controls N (% male) |
Nationality/race or ethnicity | Case ascertainment | Chronic PTSD? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comings | 1991 | 35 (100) | 314 (100) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | NNRB/VA Clinic | Yes |
| Comings | 1996 | 24 (100) | 9 (100) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | VA Clinic | Yes |
| 1996 | 13 (100) | 11 (100) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | VA Clinic | Yes | |
| Gelernter | 1999 | 52 (100) | 87 (100) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | VA Clinic | Yes |
| Lappalainen | 2002 | 77 (100) | 202 (100) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | VA Clinic | Yes |
| Segman | 2002 | 102 (56) | 104 (47) | Israel/Ashkenazi and Non-Ashkenazi Jews | PTSD Research Studies/Mental Health Clinics | Yes |
| Young | 2002 | 91 (100) | 53 (100) | Australia/Non-Hispanic White | Inpatient Unit | Yes |
| Bachman | 2005 | 118 (100) | 42 (100) | Australia/Non-Hispanic White | PTSD Clinic | Yes |
| Lee | 2005 | 100 (43) | 197 (39) | Korea/Korean | Mental Health Clinics | Yes |
| Zhang | 2006 | 96 (76) | 250 (41) | United States/Non-Hispanic White | VA Clinic | Yes |
| Kilpatrick | 2007 | 19 (32) | 570 (37) | United States/various | Epidemiologic sample of hurricane exposed adults | No |
| First author | Year | Trauma exposed controls? |
Trauma type | Gene name (symbol) | Finding | |
| Comings | 1991 | No | Combat | Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) | Excess D2A1 Allele in PTSD cases P = 0.007 | |
| Comings | 1996 | Yes | Combat | Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) | Excess D2A1 Allele in PTSD cases P = 0.041 | |
| 1996 | Yes | Combat | Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) | Excess D2A1 Allele in PTSD cases P = 0.002 | ||
| Gelernter | 1999 | No | Combat | Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) | No significant association between D2A1 allele/DRD2 haplotypes and PTSD | |
| Lappalainen | 2002 | No | Combat | Neuropeptide Y (NPY) | No significant association between Leu7Pro polymorphism and PTSD | |
| Segman | 2002 | Yes | Various | Dopamine transporter (DAT1) | Excess 9-repeat allele in PTSD cases P = 0.012 | |
| Young | 2002 | No | Combat | Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) | Excess D2A1 allele only in PTSD cases with harmful drinking P < 0.001 | |
| Bachman | 2005 | Yes | Combat | Glococorticoid receptor (GCCR) | No significant association between GCCR polymorphisms and PTSD | |
| Lee | 2005 | No | Various | Serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) | Excess s allele in PTSD cases P = 0.04 | |
| Zhang | 2006 | Not specified | Not specified | Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | No significant association between three BDNF variants and PTSD | |
| Kilpatrick | 2007 | Yes | Hurricane | Serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) | Significant association between s/s genotype and PTSD in adults with high hurricane exposure and low social support | |
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder, NNRB National Neurological Research Bank, Los Angeles, California, VA Veterans Affairs, D2DA1 Al one allele of DRD2 gene, s allele short version (versus long) of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism