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Simplified turtle relationships (after Gaffney & Meylan, 1988; Rieppel, 1999; Joyce, 2007). Green lines: lineages with palatine teeth only; red lines: toothless lineages. (A) Skull of Proganochelys quenstedti (from Gaffney, 1990). (B) Dorsal view of the skull and beak of the snapping turtle (aquatic). (C) Skull and beak of a terrestrial turtle. †Extinct lineages.
