Fig. 9.

Simplified phylogeny of Pholidota (after McKenna & Bell, 1997; Nowak, 1999). Red lines: toothless lineages. (A) Dorsal view of the right dentary of a primitive palaeanodont (Eocene) showing the large canine (no incisors) and the alveoli for three pre-molars p2–p4 (p1 absent) and two molars. Modified after Rose et al. (2004). (B) Ventral view of the skull and lower jaw of a living pangolin, Manis javanica. Note the extremely narrow and weak blade-like mandible. †Extinct lineages. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 1 cm.