Table 2.
Novel molecules regulating the immunomodulatory functions of ASM
| Stimulus | Receptor | Effects |
|---|---|---|
| PGN, Pam3CSK4 | TLR2 | ↑ ↑IL-6, CXCL8, eotaxin secretion |
| LPS, pLPS | TLR4 | ↑ ↑IL-6, CXCL8, eotaxin secretion |
| DsRNA, poly(I:C) | TLR3 | ↑ ↑IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL10, eotaxin secretion |
| IL-17 | IL-17R | ↑ ↑CXCL8 and eotaxin secretion, ↑ ↑neutrophil chemotaxis |
| LL-37 | Purinergic P2 | ↑ ↑CXCL8 secretion |
| VIP | VIPR | ↑ ↑Mast cell chemotaxis, ↑ ↑fractalkine function |
| Fibronectin, type I collagen | β1 integrin | ↑ ↑IL-1β-induced eotaxin and RANTES secretion |
Abreviations: CXCL8: IL-8; CXCL10: IP10; DsRNA: double-stranded RNA; IL: interleukin; IL-17R: IL-17 receptor; LL-37: human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Pam3CSK4: synthetic bacterial lipopeptide; PGN: peptidoglycan; pLPS: purified LPS; Poly(I:C): polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted; TLR: Toll-like receptor; VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide; VIPR: vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor