TABLE IV.
HAZARD RATIO (HR) FOR QUARTILES OF DIETARY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAs) IN RELATION TO COLORECTAL CANCER BY STAGE OF DISEASE, AMONG MEN AND WOMEN
| Men |
Women |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median value (g/1000 kcal) | Localized1 |
Advanced2 |
Median value (g/1000 kcal) | Localized1 |
Advanced2 |
|||||
| Cases, N | HR (95% CI)3 | Cases, N | HR (95% CI)3 | Cases, N | HR (95% CI)3 | Cases, N | HR (95% CI)3 | |||
| Total PUFA | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 3.2 | 66 | 1.0 (Ref) | 95 | 1.0 (Ref) | 3.3 | 39 | 1.0 (Ref) | 52 | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Q2 | 4.2 | 52 | 0.94 (0.65–1.36) | 66 | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 4.3 | 38 | 0.97 (0.62–1.52) | 64 | 1.23 (0.85–1.78) |
| Q3 | 5.3 | 49 | 0.97 (0.66–1.40) | 73 | 0.99 (0.72–1.34) | 5.3 | 49 | 1.24 (0.81–1.90) | 62 | 1.20 (0.83–1.75) |
| Q4 | 7.2 | 43 | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | 57 | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | 7.4 | 40 | 0.91 (0.58–1.43) | 58 | 1.03 (0.70–1.51) |
| p for trend | 0.89 | 0.58 | 0.97 | 0.95 | ||||||
| Total n-3 PUFA | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 0.35 | 62 | 1.0 (Ref) | 97 | 1.0 (Ref) | 0.36 | 31 | 1.0 (Ref) | 50 | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Q2 | 0.45 | 64 | 1.27 (0.89–1.80) | 65 | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.46 | 45 | 1.35 (0.86–2.14) | 53 | 1.00 (0.68–1.47) |
| Q3 | 0.53 | 53 | 1.17 (0.81–1.70) | 61 | 0.87 (0.63–1.20) | 0.53 | 46 | 1.31 (0.83–2.08) | 69 | 1.24 (0.86–1.79) |
| Q4 | 0.66 | 31 | 0.78 (0.51–1.21) | 68 | 1.09 (0.80–1.50) | 0.67 | 44 | 1.19 (0.75–1.89) | 64 | 1.09 (0.75–1.59) |
| p for trend | 0.41 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.43 | ||||||
| Marine n-3 PUFA | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 0.09 | 47 | 1.0 (Ref) | 77 | 1.0 (Ref)4 | 0.09 | 46 | 1.0 (Ref) | 44 | 1.0 (Ref)4 |
| Q2 | 0.15 | 61 | 1.37 (0.94–2.01) | 66 | 0.89 (0.64–1.24) | 0.15 | 37 | 0.79 (0.51–1.21) | 56 | 1.27 (0.86–1.89) |
| Q3 | 0.21 | 50 | 1.21 (0.81–1.80) | 69 | 1.00 (0.72–1.38) | 0.21 | 45 | 0.90 (0.60–1.36) | 63 | 1.37 (0.93–2.01) |
| Q4 | 0.29 | 52 | 1.40 (0.94–2.08) | 79 | 1.27 (0.93–1.75) | 0.29 | 38 | 0.70 (0.45–1.07) | 73 | 1.46 (1.00–2.12) |
| p for trend | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.05 | ||||||
| n-6 PUFA | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 2.8 | 67 | 1.0 (Ref) | 95 | 1.0 (Ref) | 2.9 | 40 | 1.0 (Ref) | 54 | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Q2 | 3.7 | 49 | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 67 | 0.84 (0.61–1.14) | 3.8 | 34 | 0.85 (0.53–1.34) | 59 | 1.09 (0.75–1.57) |
| Q3 | 4.7 | 52 | 1.01 (0.70–1.46) | 72 | 0.97 (0.71–1.32) | 4.7 | 51 | 1.26 (0.83–1.91) | 64 | 1.19 (0.82–1.71) |
| Q4 | 6.5 | 42 | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | 57 | 0.85 (0.61–1.19) | 6.7 | 41 | 0.91 (0.58–1.42) | 59 | 1.01 (0.69–1.47) |
| p for trend | 0.86 | 0.50 | 0.87 | 0.87 | ||||||
| Total n-3/n-6 PUFA | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 0.08 | 48 | 1.0 (Ref) | 62 | 1.0 (Ref) | 0.08 | 44 | 1.0 (Ref) | 55 | 1.0 (Ref) |
| Q2 | 0.11 | 61 | 1.21 (0.83–1.77) | 77 | 1.20 (0.86–1.68) | 0.11 | 46 | 1.17 (0.77–1.77) | 56 | 1.11 (0.77–1.62) |
| Q3 | 0.13 | 55 | 1.13 (0.76–1.66) | 71 | 1.15 (0.82–1.62) | 0.13 | 39 | 0.98 (0.64–1.52) | 59 | 1.15 (0.80–1.67) |
| Q4 | 0.16 | 46 | 0.93 (0.62–1.41) | 81 | 1.32 (0.94–1.84) | 0.16 | 37 | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) | 66 | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) |
| p for trend | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.44 | ||||||
| Marine n-3/n-6 PUFA5 | ||||||||||
| Q1 | 0.02 | 49 | 1.0 (Ref) | 55 | 1.0 (Ref)5 | 0.02 | 45 | 1.0 (Ref) | 45 | 1.0 (Ref)5 |
| Q2 | 0.03 | 51 | 0.97 (0.66, 1.44) | 88 | 1.48 (1.06, 2.07) | 0.03 | 42 | 0.95 (0.63, 1.45) | 51 | 1.18 (0.79, 1.76) |
| Q3 | 0.05 | 54 | 1.06 (0.72, 1.56) | 59 | 1.03 (0.71, 1.49) | 0.05 | 38 | 0.83 (0.53, 1.27) | 78 | 1.72 (1.19, 2.49) |
| Q4 | 0.07 | 56 | 1.08 (0.73, 1.59) | 89 | 1.54 (1.09, 2.16) | 0.07 | 41 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.32) | 62 | 1.32 (0.90, 1.95) |
| p for trend | 0.610 | 0.095 | 0.383 | 0.052 | ||||||
Localized disease was defined as Dukes A or B.
Advanced disease was defined as Dukes C or D.
All HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for age at interview (yr), dialect group (Cantonese, Hokkien), interview year (1993–1995, 1996–1998), diabetes at baseline (no, yes), smoking history (never, “heavy” or ≥13 cigarettes per day starting age <15 years, “light” or nonheavy smokers), body mass index (<20, 20–23.9, 24–27.9, ≥28 m/kg2), alcohol intake (0, <7, ≥7 drinks/week), education (no formal education, primary school, secondary school or higher), any weekly physical activity (no, yes), first degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer (no, yes), and total daily energy intake (kcal). CI = confidence interval.
p for interaction by sex = 0.80.
p for interaction by sex = 1.0.